Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 1998 Winter;10(1):117-36.
doi: 10.1017/s0954579498001333.

Multiple jeopardy: risk and protective factors among addicted mothers' offspring

S S Luthar  1 , G Cushing, K R Merikangas, B J Rounsaville
Affiliations

Multiple jeopardy: risk and protective factors among addicted mothers' offspring

S S Luthar et al. Dev Psychopathol. 1998 Winter.

Abstract

Objectives of this study were to ascertain risk and protective factors in the adjustment of 78 school-age and teenage offspring of opioid- and cocaine-abusing mothers. Using a multimethod, multiinformant approach, child outcomes were operationalized via lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and everyday social competence (each based on both mother and child reports), and dimensional assessments of symptoms (mother report). Risk/protective factors examined included the child sociodemographic attributes of gender, age, and ethnicity, aspects of maternal psychopathology, and both mother's and children's cognitive functioning. Results revealed that greater child maladjustment was linked with increasing age, Caucasian (as opposed to African American) ethnicity, severity of maternal psychiatric disturbance, higher maternal cognitive abilities (among African Americans) and lower child cognitive abilities (among Caucasians). Limitations of the study are discussed, as are implications of findings for future research.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a,b) Interaction between Maternal Psychiatric Illness and Maternal Sensation Seeking in relation to child outcomes. (c,d) Interaction between maternal cognitive abilities and ethnicity in relation to child outcomes. (e,f) Interaction between child cognitive abilities and ethnicity in relation to child outcomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Achenbach TM. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry; Burlington, VT: 1991.
    1. Achenbach T, Edelbrock C. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont; Burlington, VT: 1983.
    1. Aiken LS, West SG. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage; Newbury Park, CA: 1991.
    1. Andreason NC, Rice J, Endicott J, Reich T, Coryell W. The family history method approach to diagnosis: How useful is it? Archives of General Psychiatry. 1986;43:421–429. - PubMed
    1. Baldwin AL, Baldwin CP, Kasser T, Zax M, Sameroff A, Seifer R. Contextual risk and resiliency during late adolescence. Development and Psychopathology. 1993;5(4):741–761.

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources