Lipids in total extracts from Acholeplasma laidlawii A pack more closely than the individual lipids. Monolayers studied at the air-water interface

Abstract

Pressure-area curves were obtained at 25, 35 and 45 degrees C for total lipid extracts and four individual glucolipids isolated from Acholeplasma laidlawii strain A-EF22. The glucolipids are 1,2-diacyl-3-0-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (MGlcDAG), 1,2 -diacyl-3-0-[alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-0-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl] -sn-glycerol (DGlcDAG), 1,2-diacyl-3-0-[alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-0-(6-0-acyl-alpha-D-gluco pyranosyl)]-sn-glycerol (MADGlcDAG), and 1,2-diacyl-3-0-[glycerophosphoryl-6-0-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-- >)-0-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)]-sn-glycerol (GPDGlcDAG). The total lipid extracts were obtained from A. laidlawii, grown at 37 degrees C with fatty acids of varying degrees of unsaturation and chain length. The mean surface area per molecule was obtained from these pressure-area curves at surface pressures equal to 10, 20, 30 and 40 mN/m. It was found that the interfacial area of the lipids increases with increasing degree of unsaturation, but is nearly independent of the acyl chain length at constant unsaturation. The surface charge density varied between 4.7 x 10(-3) e-/angstrom(2) and 9.4 x 10(-3) e-/angstrum(2) for the total lipid extracts studied, but did not exhibit any consistent dependence on variations in degree of unsaturation or acyl chain length. The mean area per molecule was found to be smaller for the total lipid extracts than for the individual lipids. It is concluded that the bacterium strives to regulate its lipid composition in such a way that the packing of the lipids in the membrane is appropriately tight, and/or to keep a slight negative spontaneous curvature of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane ("optimal packing"). This is in accordance with the physico-chemical model for the regulation of the lipid composition in the membrane of A. laidlaiwii previously presented by us (see e.g. Andersson, A.-S., Riffors, L., Bergqvist, M., Persson, S. and Lindblom, G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 11119-11130).