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. 1998 May;72(5):4503-7.
doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.5.4503-4507.1998.

Identification of a full-length cDNA for an endogenous retrovirus of miniature swine

D E Akiyoshi  1 , M Denaro, H Zhu, J L Greenstein, P Banerjee, J A Fishman
Affiliations

Identification of a full-length cDNA for an endogenous retrovirus of miniature swine

D E Akiyoshi et al. J Virol. 1998 May.

Abstract

Endogenous retroviruses of swine are a concern in the use of pig-derived tissues for xenotransplantation into humans. The nucleotide sequence of porcine endogenous retrovirus taken from lymphocytes of miniature swine (PERV-MSL) has been characterized. PERV-MSL is a type C retrovirus of 8,132 bp with the greatest nucleic acid sequence identity to gibbon ape leukemia virus and murine leukemia virus. Constitutive production of PERV-MSL RNA has been detected in normal leukocytes and in multiple organs of swine. The copy numbers of full-length PERV sequences per genome (approximately 8 to 15) vary among swine strains. The open reading frames for gag, pol, and env in PERV-MSL have over 99% amino acid sequence identity to those of Tsukuba-1 retrovirus and are highly homologous to those of endogenous retrovirus of cell line PK15 (PK15-ERV). Most of the differences in the predicted amino acid sequences of PK15-ERV and PERV-MSL are in the SU (cell attachment) region of env. The existence of these PERV clones will enable studies of infection by endogenous retroviruses in xenotransplantation.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences encoded by the env regions from the three PERV isolates. Tsukuba-1 and PERV-MSL are highly homologous, with significant differences from PK15-ERV only in the hypervariable regions of the SU portions.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Determination of full-length-copy numbers of PERV-MSL-related sequences in genomic DNA by Southern analysis of samples from individual miniature swine inbred for MHC loci (SLAa, SLAc, and SLAd, indicated along with animal number and haplotype) but not for minor antigens and from outbred swine (Yuc). Genomic DNAs digested with XbaI were hybridized to the env probe. Hybridized bands larger than 6 kb may represent a chromosomal junction fragment for a full-length clone. Variation in copy number is seen for both inbred and outbred swine. A restriction map of the PERV-MSL cDNA clone indicating the XbaI site and the env hybridization probe is shown.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Northern analysis of the expression of PERV-MSL in various tissues. A probe for the env region of PERV-MSL was hybridized to poly(A)+ RNA (0.5 μg) from each of the following porcine tissues: liver, spleen, kidney, heart, thymus, lymph node, and lung (A). Poly(A)+ RNA (0.5 μg) from nonactivated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) (lane 1), PHA-activated lymphocytes (lane 2), and PK15 cells (0.04 μg, lanes 3 and 11) was included in this analysis. Expression of PERV-MSL in both unstimulated cells and tissues was detected. Transcripts smaller than full-length PERV-MSL (9.49 kb) are seen in some tissues. The Northern blots were reprobed with the human GAPDH gene (B).
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