Cardiac myxomas: clinical and echocardiographic profile

Abstract

We reviewed our clinical and echocardiographic experience in 70 consecutive patients with 73 cardiac myxomas, diagnosed over an 11 year period. There were 21 males and 49 females, ages ranged from 18 to 80 years. Only in 5.7% cases was the diagnosis of myxomas made clinically. 88.6% cases were initially diagnosed as having: mitral valve disease (70%), tricuspid valve disease (10%), ischemic heart disease (5.7%), cardiomyopathy (2.9%), and the remaining 5.7% were detected during family screening and follow-up. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.6 months. The commonest symptom was dyspnoea (80%), followed by constitutional symptoms (45.7%), embolization (30%), palpitation (25.7%), syncope (15.7%), pedal oedema (15.7%) and pain chest (12.9%). The sites of myxomas were as follows: left atrium, 58; right atrium, 9; and, biatrium, 3. All myxomas except 3 were attached to the interatrial septum. The site, size, shape, attachment, mobility, prolapse into ventricle, and surface characteristic of myxomas were accurately assessed by 2D-echocardiography and confirmed in all (65 of 70) who underwent surgery. When the morphological characteristic of myxomas were studied and correlated with clinical features large left atrial myxoma size was closely related with constitutional symptoms, congestive heart failure, with syncope and auscultatory findings suggestive of mitral valve disease, whereas smaller myxoma size and irregular surface were associated with embolization. Constitutional symptoms were only present in left atrial myxoma. Post-operative mean echocardiographic follow-up of 60 months showed no recurrence except in 2 with familial myxoma. We conclude that the majority of myxomas mimic many cardiovascular diseases and were detected in symptomatic patients, so a high index of clinical suspicion is important for its early and correct diagnosis. The size and appearance of the myxomas correlated with the presenting symptoms.