Effects of doxazosin and atenolol on atherothrombogenic risk profile in hypertensive middle-aged men

Abstract

The alpha-blockers prazosin and doxazosin reduce hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and increase serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, whereas beta-blockers such as atenolol have the opposite effect. As HTG is associated with reduced fibrinolysis and hypercoagulability, we investigated the effects of doxazosin and atenolol on serum lipids and hemostatic factors in hypertensive men with an atherothrombogenic risk profile. The study was randomized and open, but blinded to investigator of biochemical results. Forty-five men (mean age, 44.5 years) with central obesity [median body-mass index (BMI), 28 kg/m2] and moderate hypertension [median diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 104.5 mm Hg] were treated with atenolol (n = 22) or doxazosin (n = 23) for 22 weeks, after which changes in between-group differences from baseline were estimated. After intervention, significant between-group differences in favor of doxazosin were found: lower triglycerides (p = 0.008) and higher HDL cholesterol (p = 0.036); furthermore, improvement of fibrinolysis: lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity (p = 0.012), higher tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity after venous occlusion (VO); and higher levels of serum D-dimer, both unstimulated (p = 0.0016) and after VO (p = 0.0032). In addition, lower levels of serum testosterone were found in the atenolol group (p = 0.0016). A profile with reduced HTG, increased HDL cholesterol, and improved fibrinolysis was obtained with doxazosin when compared with atenolol. Furthermore, the observed decrease in serum testosterone on atenolol treatment would rather favor long-term treatment with doxazosin in this study population.