Cervical carotid artery vasospasms causing cerebral ischemia: detection by immediate vascular ultrasonographic investigation

Abstract

Background: The etiology of cerebral ischemic accidents in young adults often remains unclarified.

Case description: A 32-year-old woman presented after multiple episodes of left monocular visual impairment and right-sided focal signs. MRI revealed a low-flow infarction on the left; color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS), however, showed normal vascular findings. During the inpatient rehabilitation, a renewed visual impairment occurred; an immediate CCDS examination now demonstrated a filiform stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) 4 cm above the origin and indirect signs of a severe stenosis of the right ICA. Results of a follow-up examination 18 hours later were again normal. Six weeks later, on reoccurrence of visual impairment, a reversible stenosis of the left ICA was again demonstrated. A search for possible causes of vasospasm was unsuccessful. After treatment with calcium antagonists the patient was free of complaints (with the exception of 3 very short attacks of visual impairment) during the following 12 months.

Conclusions: Cervical carotid artery vasospasms can apparently occur spontaneously without a mechanical trigger. Because their detection is difficult, vasospasms may go undetected.