Administration of a glucocorticoid with depot effect counteracts the stimulating effect of growth hormone on cancellous and cortical bone of the vertebral body in rats

Abstract

Our earlier studies have shown that growth hormone administration could not counteract decreased longitudinal growth and cortical osteopenia of rat femora induced by a glucocorticoid with depot effect. In the present study we examined the effects of glucocorticoid on vertebral bone as well as the effect of growth hormone on vertebral bone in young growing animals also given glucocorticoid injections. Five groups of female rats (3 1/2 months) were treated for 80 days as follows: (1) saline, (2) prednisolone: Delcortol 5 mg/kg/day, (3) growth hormone: 5 mg/kg/day, (4) prednisolone and growth hormone, (5) food restriction. Vertebral dimensions, histomorphometry, and mechanical competence of the vertebral bone were examined. Growth hormone administration increased body weight, vertebral height, cross-sectional area, and volume. The compressive strength of the L4-corpus cylinder was also increased due to an increase in cancellous bone volume and an increase in the area of cortical bone surrounding the vertebral body. Glucocorticoid administration decreased body weight, height, and volume of the intact vertebrae. Histological examination revealed that glucocorticoid administration decreased the area of cortical bone surrounding the vertebral body but had no effect on the cancellous bone volume. No effect of glucocorticoid administration on mechanical strength of the L4 corpus cylinder could be detected. In agreement with our findings in cortical bone, we found no effect of growth hormone on vertebral bone when given to animals also receiving glucocorticoid injections. Growth hormone increases longitudinal growth, cortical and cancellous bone mass, and mechanical competence of the vertebral body. Glucocorticoid administration decreases longitudinal growth of the vertebrae and cortical bone mass without affecting cancellous bone mass of the vertebral body. Despite this, administration of a glucocorticoid with depot effect totally inhibits the effect of growth hormone on vertebral bone.