Pattern formation and growth during floral organogenesis: HUELLENLOS and AINTEGUMENTA are required for the formation of the proximal region of the ovule primordium in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate and integrate the temporal and spatial control of cell proliferation during organ ontogenesis, particularly of floral organs, continues to be primitive. The ovule, the progenitor of the seed, of Arabidopsis thaliana has been used to develop an effective model system for the analysis of plant organogenesis. A typical feature of a generalized ovule is the linear arrangement of at least three distinct elements, the funiculus, chalaza and nucellus, along a proximal-distal axis. This pattern is supposed to be established during the early proliferative phase of ovule development. We provide genetic evidence that the young ovule primordium indeed is a composite structure. Two genes, HUELLENLOS and AINTEGUMENTA have overlapping functions in the ovule and differentially control the formation of the central and proximal elements of the primordium. The results indicate that proximal-distal pattern formation in the Arabidopsis ovule takes place in a sequential fashion, starting from the distal end. Furthermore, we show that HUELLENLOS also regulates the initiation and/or maintenance of integument and embryo sac ontogenesis and interestingly prevents inappropriate cell death in the young ovule.