Effects of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on left ventricular function and distribution of cardiac output in dogs, with particular reference to the mechanism for tachycardia

Abstract

Sodium pentobarbital (PB), 30 mg/kg, iv, was administered to 30 conscious dogs instrumented for measurement of cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution, left ventricular (LV) diameter, LV pressure, dP/dt, and dD/dt, i.e., velocity of myocardial fiber shortening. Ventilation was controlled during anesthesia to maintain arterial blood gases at control values for conscious dogs. The anesthetic produced an initial transient, peripheral vasodilation but the steady state effects 15-30 minutes later were characterized by slight reductions in mesenteric flow and cardiac output and increases in mesenteric and systemic resistances, whereas iliac and renal resistances were not significantly different from control. When heart rate rose, PB increased end-systolic diameter and decreased coronary resistance, LV end-diastolic diameter, dP/dt/P (42%), and shortening velocity (36%). When heart rate was controlled, PB still increased end-systolic diameter and decreased shortening velocity and dP/dt/P, as occurred during spontaneous rhythm, but end-diastolic diameter rose instead of falling and coronary resistance did not change. After recovery from bilateral cervical section of both carotid sinus and aortic nerves, PB failed to elicit tachycardia. Thus, PB affects systemic and regional hemodynamics only slightly, but depresses the myocardium markedly. The tachycardia associated with PB anesthesia in intact, trained dogs appears not to be only vagolytic, as previously thought, but is predominantly mediated through the arterial baroreceptor reflex.