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. 1998 Jun;66(3):451-60.
doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.66.3.451.

A longitudinal look at the relation between depression and anxiety in children and adolescents

D A Cole  1 , L G Peeke, J M Martin, R Truglio, A D Seroczynski
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A longitudinal look at the relation between depression and anxiety in children and adolescents

D A Cole et al. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998 Jun.

Abstract

Elementary school students (n = 330) and their parents (n = 228) participated in a 3-year longitudinal study of the temporal relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms in children. Every 6 months, children and parents completed depression and anxiety questionnaires for a total of 6 waves. Structural equation modeling revealed that individual differences on all measures were remarkably stable over time. Nevertheless, high levels of anxiety symptoms at 1 point in time predicted high levels of depressive symptoms at subsequent points in time even after controlling for prior levels of depression symptoms. These findings were consistent across self- and parent reports. Results support the temporal hypothesis that anxiety leads to depression in children and adolescents.

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