Three alternatively spliced mouse slow skeletal muscle troponin T isoforms: conserved primary structure and regulated expression during postnatal development

Abstract

We have cloned and sequenced full-length cDNAs encoding mouse slow skeletal muscle troponin T (sTnT). Alternative mRNA splicing-generated two high Mr isoforms and one low Mr sTnT isoform differing in the NH2-terminal primary structure have been identified by Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cDNA cloning/expression analyses. Together with a 5'-alternative exon that was also found in human sTnT encoding an 11-amino-acid acidic segment, the results revealed a novel alternative splicing pathway to include or exclude a three-base segment to generate additional sTnT isoforms with NH2-terminal charge variations. Overriding the phylogenetic divergence, primary structure of sTnT is better conserved between mammalian and avian species than that of cardiac, fast and skeletal muscle TnTs from one species. Western blots demonstrate four expression patterns of sTnT during postnatal skeletal muscle development: (1) a decrease to a non-detectable level in mouse masseter, (2) an increase to become the sole TnT in sheep masseter, (3) an increase of the total level as well as the proportion of the low Mr isoform in sheep diaphragm and, (4) no significant change in total level or high/low Mr isoform ratio in sheep gastrocnemius. The highly conserved primary structure and fiber type-specific and developmentally regulated expression of sTnT indicate a physiological importance of this under-studied member of the TnT gene family.