Impurities in commercial saccharin. I. Impurities soluble in organic solvents

Abstract

Thirteen saccharin samples used for carcinogenicity tests in animals in various laboratories were analyzed for their chemical purity. Although most of the impurities were water-soluble, some were mainly soluble in organic solvents. These impurities were extracted with chloroform-methanol from a water solution of sodium saccharin. Samples obtained as acid-saccharin were converted to the sodium form before extraction. The major impurity in commercial saccharin, o-toluenesulfonamide, was also soluble in this system. Impurities were separated by gas-liquid chromatography of the underivatized, concentrated extract. Eleven major, well separated peaks were collected from the gas chromatographic column and identified by mass spectroscopy. Some of the peaks were compared with known standards. Qualitative and quantitative differences in impurities were observed among different saccharin samples. The identified impurities (in order of appearance from the gas-liquid chromatographic column) were as follows: o-toluenesulfonamide; p-toluenesufonamide; 1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide; 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide; diphenylsulfone; 0,0'-ditolylsulfone; o,m'-ditolylsulfone, o,p'-ditolylsulfone; m,p'-ditolylsulfone; p,p'-ditolylsulfone, and tetracosane.