Malignant fibrous tumors

Abstract

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) are rare soft tissue sarcomas of intermediate to high-grade malignancy that the dermatologist must evaluate and treat. DFSP is a fibrohistiocytic tumor of intermediate malignancy characterized by aggressive local growth and propensity to recur after surgical excision. AFX is a superficial malignant tumor that arises on sun-exposed surfaces and is characterized by local aggressive behavior. MFH is the most aggressive of the fibrohistiocytic tumors with a high local recurrence rate and significant metastatic rate usually associated with a poor prognosis. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histology, management, prognosis, and follow-up of these malignant tumors.