Multiple sclerosis of the spinal cord: diagnosis and follow-up with contrast-enhanced MR and correlation with clinical activity

Abstract

Purpose: Although MR findings in multiple sclerosis (MS) are well known, the relationship between MR-detected lesions and clinical activity has not been studied in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serial MR imaging provides evidence of disease activity unsuspected on clinical examination and to determine whether it is useful in monitoring patients with MS primarily affecting the spinal cord.

Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients with MS and with signs and symptoms of myelopathy underwent a full neurologic examination and contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the spinal cord at intervals of 0, 2, 6, and 12 months. Disability was rated according to Kurtzke's functional systems and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Clinical status of myelopathy (improved, deteriorated, or stable) was also assessed. Hyperintense lesions were counted on T2-weighted images and a weighted lesion load was calculated for each patient. The number of enhancing lesions was also determined.

Results: We found a moderate correlation between lesion load and sensory function and EDSS. Seventy percent of patients with new clinical manifestations of myelopathy had one or more enhancing lesions. Agreement between MR findings and clinical examination in evincing disease activity was found in 60% of follow-up examinations. MR images showed lesion progression in seven (44%) of 16 occurrences of clinical deterioration and in 21 (35%) of 60 occurrences of clinical improvement or stability.

Conclusion: Serial MR imaging provides evidence of disease activity unsuspected on clinical examination and could be useful in monitoring patients with MS primarily affecting the spinal cord.