Intravitreal penetration of teicoplanin

Abstract

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, similar to vancomycin, but safer and better tolerated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the penetration of teicoplanin into the vitreous when administered topically and intravenously. Twenty-five patients undergoing routine vitrectomy were recruited. Twenty were given intravenous teicoplanin: five 1 h pre-operatively, five 12 h pre-operatively, five 24 h pre-operatively and five 24 h as well as 48 h pre-operatively. Five received teicoplanin drops half-hourly for the 6 h immediately preceding vitrectomy. Undiluted vitreous specimens were obtained at the beginning of each vitrectomy procedure. Teicoplanin levels were measured using a biological assay with Staphylococcus aureus as the indicator organism. Teicoplanin activity was detected in 8 of the 20 specimens from those patients receiving the intravenous antibiotic. Teicoplanin did not penetrate readily into the vitreous cavities in these eyes despite the blood-ocular barrier being compromised in some patients, although there was evidence of accumulation with time. No activity was detected in the vitreous of those patients who received topical teicoplanin.