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. 1998 Aug;37(8):841-7.
doi: 10.1097/00004583-199808000-00014.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptomatology after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study

J E Max  1 , S Arndt, C S Castillo, H Bokura, D A Robin, S D Lindgren, W L Smith Jr, Y Sato, P J Mattheis
Affiliations

Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptomatology after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study

J E Max et al. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: To study prospectively the course of attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADH) symptomatology in children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that ADH symptomatology would be significantly related to severity of injury.

Method: Subjects were children (n = 50) aged 6 to 14 years at the time they were hospitalized after TBI. The study used a prospective follow-up design. Assessments of preinjury psychiatric, behavioral, socioeconomic, family functioning, and family psychiatric history status were conducted. Severity of injury was assessed by standard clinical scales, and neuroimaging was analyzed.

Results: The main finding of this study was that change in ADH symptomatology in the first 2 years after TBI in children and adolescents was significantly related to severity of injury. Overall ADH symptomatology during the study was significantly related to a measure of family dysfunction when family psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and severity of injury were controlled.

Conclusion: The presence of a positive "dose-response" relationship between severity of injury and change in ADH symptoms, present from the 3-month assessment, was consistent with an effect directly related to brain damage.

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