Determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and amphetamine-derived designer drugs or medicaments in blood and urine

Abstract

This paper reviews procedures for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and amphetamine-derived designer drugs or medicaments in blood and urine. Papers published from 1991 to early 1997 were taken into consideration. Gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic procedures with different detectors (e.g., mass spectrometer or diode array) were considered as well as the seldom used thin-layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Enantioselective procedures are also discussed. A chapter deals with amphetamine-derived medicaments, e.g. anoretics, antiparkinsonians or vasodilators, which are metabolized to amphetamine or methamphetamine. Differentiation of an intake of such medicaments from amphetamine or methamphetamine intake is discussed. Basic information about the biosample assayed, internal standard, work-up, GC column or LC column and mobile phase, detection mode, reference data and validation data of each procedure is summarized in Tables. Examples of typical applications are presented.