Detection of neuroblastoma in the bone marrow: biopsy versus aspiration

Abstract

Purpose: Multiple studies have emphasized the higher yield of detection of metastatic neuroblastoma (MNb) by bone marrow biopsy (BMB) than by bone marrow aspiration (BMA). Because the need for BMA has been questioned, the yield of both procedures was investigated at diagnosis and during the course of disease.

Methods: For morphologic and immunohistochemical detection of MNb, 289 specimens obtained by BMA and BMB from 57 children with neuroblastoma were reviewed.

Results: In 34% of cases, MNb was present in both the aspirate and biopsy specimen. MNb was present in only the biopsy specimen in 8% and in only the aspirate in 6%. In 52%, neither BMA nor BMB detected MNb. In 15 of 18 cases in which MNb was present in the aspirate only, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) stain was performed on the biopsy specimen. In one case, this helped to identify MNb that was not evident by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. Of the 24 cases in which only the BMB was positive, 3 were identified only by means of PGP stain.

Conclusions: Even with the additional use of immunohistochemistry, both BMA and BMB should be performed to have the highest yield of detection of MNb in bone marrow.