Advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: patterns of failure, survival and impact of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy

Abstract

Purpose: We review the outcome of patients with advanced stage III or IV transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and the impact of postoperative radiotherapy.

Materials and methods: We identified 74 patients who were treated surgically with curative intent for stage III (49) or IV (25) transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Median followup was 21 months (range 1 to 236) for all patients and 60 months (range 29 to 172) for those alive at last contact. A median dose of 40 Gy. adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered to the tumor bed and regional nodes of 15 patients (30%) with stage III and 13 (52%) with stage IV disease.

Results: The actuarial 5-year overall and disease specific survival for patients with stage III disease was 28 and 40%, respectively. Median disease specific survival was 37 months. Median overall and disease specific survival for patients with stage IV disease was 7 months. Isolated local recurrence was identified in 5 of 49 patients with stage III and only 1 of 25 with stage IV disease. The 5-year actuarial disease specific survival rate in patients with stage III disease whether or not they were treated with postoperative radiotherapy was 45 versus 40%, respectively. For patients with stage IV disease median survival was 7 and 9 months for those who were and those who were not treated with postoperative radiotherapy, respectively.

Conclusions: Patients with stages III and IV transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract have a high risk of disease relapse and cancer mortality. The major clinical feature is distant failure with isolated local relapse uncommon following initial aggressive surgical therapy. There is no survival benefit with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. More effective systemic adjuvant therapy is necessary to improve the outcome of these patients.