Recognizing death: the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

Abstract

Although apoptotic cell death is widespread, dying cells are rarely seen in situ because of their rapid clearance by neighbouring phagocytes. Phagocytic recognition of apoptotic cells is less well understood than the death programme itself, but an increasing number of recent studies are highlighting its importance. This review discusses the nature of the receptors that have been implicated in apoptotic cell phagocytosis, the mechanisms of uptake and the immunological consequences of apoptotic cell ingestion.