Intravenous corticotrophin vs. hydrocortisone in the treatment of hospitalized patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized double-blind study and follow-up

Abstract

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids have no maintenance values for inflammatory bowel disease but serve to reduce the severity of disease. The effectiveness of intravenous corticotrophin versus hydrocortisone in ulcerative colitis has been determined including whether previous steroid therapy influenced the better response to one rather than the other, but no such studies have ever been done in Crohn's disease. Eighty-eight patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (Present-Korelitz [P-K] Index -3 to -2 and the International Organisation for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America [IOIBD-CCFA] Index, mean 14, range 5-23) were treated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to receive either continuous intravenous infusion of 120 U/day of ACTH (44 patients) or hydrocortisone 300 mg/day (44 patients). Patients were also subdivided into those who received oral steroids during the 30 days prior to intravenous therapy and those who had not. Response was followed on a daily basis and tabulated at 3, 5, and 10 days. Patients were followed from 1-3 years to determine the later status. After 10 days of intravenous therapy 36 of 44 patients (82%) who received ACTH and 41 of 44 patients (93%) who received hydrocortisone fully responded (P-K index +3 and IOIBD-CCFA Index mean of 3). At the end of the study, response to intravenous ACTH and hydrocortisone was not statistically different whether or not patients received oral steroids during the 30 days prior to admission, although the response to IV ACTH tended to be faster at 3 days in those who had received previous steroid therapy. Intravenous ACTH and hydrocortisone are equally effective in achieving therapeutic goals in patients with Crohn's disease who have not achieved results with oral medications. Moreover the response rate was high (mean 88%), serving to buy time for establishment of successful maintenance programs of treatment with oral 5-ASA and immunosuppressive drugs for 69% of patients at 1-3 years.