Myocardial fibrin deposits in the first month after transplantation predict subsequent coronary artery disease and graft failure in cardiac allograft recipients

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether fibrin deposition during the first month following cardiac transplantation predicts development of coronary artery disease and graft failure in cardiac allograft recipients.

Patients and methods: We prospectively studied 121 consecutive adult patients who received cardiac transplants between 1988 and 1995. Serial endomyocardial biopsies obtained during the first month posttransplant (2.3 + 0.6 biopsies/patient) were studied immunohistochemically for fibrin deposits. Patients were followed up with annual angiograms (3.2 + 1.7/patient) evaluated with side-by-side comparisons for the presence and progression of coronary artery disease.

Results: All pretransplant biopsies were fibrin-negative; 60 allografts (50%) remained without fibrin, and 61 (50%) contained fibrin during the first posttransplant month. Of allografts with fibrin, 72% developed coronary artery disease, while 27% of allografts without fibrin developed the disease (P <0.001). Coronary artery disease was progressive in 61% of allografts with fibrin, and in 25% of allografts without fibrin (P <0.001). Graft failure was more frequent and time-to-graft-failure occurred earlier in patients whose allografts had fibrin during the first month after transplantation (P <0.001).

Conclusions: Fibrin in biopsies during the first month after transplantation identifies patients at high risk for developing coronary artery disease or graft failure, thereby allowing the opportunity to initiate preventive procedures.