Nosocomial infections in coronary care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System

Abstract

To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in Coronary Care Units (CCUs) in the United States, we analyzed data collected between 1992 and 1997 using the standard protocols of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Intensive Care Unit (ICU) surveillance component. Data on 227,451 patients with 6,698 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Urinary tract infections (35%), pneumonia (24%), and primary bloodstream infections (17%) were almost always associated with use of an invasive device (93% with a urinary catheter, 82% with a ventilator, 82% with a central line, respectively). The distribution of pathogens differed from that reported from other types of ICUs. Staphylococcus aureus (21%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (27%) from urine. Only 10% of reported urine isolates were Candida albicans. S. aureus (24%) was the more common bloodstream isolate than enterococci (10%). The mean overall patient infection rate was 2.7 infections per 100 patients. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, number of hospital beds, number of CCU beds, or the hospital teaching affiliation, and were the best rates for comparisons between units. Use of invasive devices was lower than in other types of ICUs. Overall patient infection rates were lower than in other types of ICUs, which is largely explained by lower rates of invasive device usage.