Teenage mothers and the health of their children

Abstract

Teenage mothers continue to present challenges to social policy and remain of topical interest to the media. This article discusses trends in teenage conception rates, their outcomes and long term consequences. In 1996, 7 per cent of all births were to girls aged under 20. On average children born to teenage girls have lower birthweights, increased risk of infant mortality and an increased risk of some congenital anomalies. They are less likely to be breastfed and more likely to live in deprived circumstances. These factors in turn influence their health and long term opportunities.

PIP: In 1996, 7% of all births in England and Wales were to young women under 20 years of age. Only 12% of these births took place inside of marriage. This article reviews the literature on the trends in teenage conception rates, their outcomes, and long-term consequences. Teen pregnancy has considerable implications for the health and socioeconomic status of both mothers and children. On average, the offspring of teenagers have lower birth weights, an increased risk of infant mortality, and an increased likelihood of some congenital anomalies. They are less likely to be breast-fed and more apt to live in conditions of socioeconomic deprivation. The lack of education and training found in most teen mothers reduces their long-term opportunities to improve their socioeconomic status. Initiatives to reduce the incidence of unplanned and unwanted adolescent pregnancies would thus improve socioeconomic conditions for young women and their future children.