Pharmacological profiles of exemestane and formestane, steroidal aromatase inhibitors used for treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer

Abstract

Steroidal aromatase inhibitors like formestane and exemestane are useful drugs for endocrine treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer. In addition, these drugs should be considered valuable probes to explore the biology of breast cancer with particular emphasis on possible relations between the degree of estrogen suppression and clinical efficacy and the possible role of intratumor estrogen synthesis. The fact that steroidal and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors bind to different parts of the aromatase enzyme suggests these drugs may act in concert aggravating plasma estrogen suppression. Thus, use of a steroidal and a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors in concert may be one way to improve breast cancer treatment and may also provide important information to a better understanding of the dose-response relationship between estrogen suppression and clinical effects. Further, the finding that patients progressing on non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors may respond to formestane as well as exemestane suggests these drugs may have differential effects, probably on the aromatization in the tumor tissue. Further studies are warranted to explore the influence of steroidal and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors on intratumor aromatase activity and intratumor estrogen concentrations and to correlate these findings to intratumor drug concentrations. The findings that steroidal aromatase inhibitors may have clinical effects in patients progressing on treatment with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor aminoglutethimide is challenging, and suggest further studies to evaluate possible benefits of using different novel aromatase inhibitors in concert or sequence.