The diagnosis and management of mixed arterial/venous leg ulcers in community-based clinics

Abstract

Objectives: To assess a management protocol for mixed arterial/venous leg ulcers in a community service.

Design: Two-year prospective study of outcome with intention of assessing limbs with mixed arterial/venous ulcers when managed by a new protocol.

Method: Limbs were assessed for venous reflux by duplex and arterial insufficiency by ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and defined into three categories: ABPI > 0.85, 0.5 > ABPI < or = 0.85 (moderate), ABPI < or = 0.5 (severe). Four-layer compression was applied to limbs with normal arteries. Modified compression was applied to limbs with venous and moderate arterial disease with treatment failure triggering arterial imaging and revascularisation. Limbs with venous and severe arterial disease were investigated for revascularisation.

Results: Of 267 consecutive limbs, 221 had pure chronic venous ulcers and 46 had mixed arterial/venous ulcers with 33 having moderate and 13 having severe arterial disease. Thirty-six week healing rates for chronic venous, moderate arterial/venous and severe arterial/venous ulcers were 70%, 64% and 23%, respectively.

Conclusion: Limbs with mixed moderate arterial/venous ulcers achieved rates comparable with venous ulcers with this protocol although nurse-led surveillance was required. Limbs with mixed severe arterial/venous ulcers healed slowly despite an aggressive approach to correct arterial disease.