[Somatostatin: a ubiquitous peptide]

Abstract

Somatostatin (SRIF) was discovered in 1973, in Roger Guillemin's laboratory as a Growth Hormone (GH) inhibiting neurohormone. It is widely distributed in mammals where it acts also as a peripheral hormone, an autocrine or paracrine factor and a neuropeptide. SRIF receptors are located on several human tumours and SRIF agonists are in clinical use to monitor GH secretion in acromegalic patients. This short review summarizes the properties of the central and peripheral somatostatinergic systems, the three peptides belonging to the somatostatin family: (SRIF14, SRIF28 and cortistatin), the pharmacology of the five SRIF receptor subtypes, some ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects, as well as pathological findings.