Ecological validity of list-learning tests and self-reported memory in healthy individuals and those with temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract

We evaluated in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and healthy volunteers whether list-learning tests of episodic verbal/figural memory and subjective self-reports reliably indicate "Memory in Reality" (MIR). MIR was assessed by the incidental memory of the neuropsychological test event one week after testing. Subjective Memory was assessed by a questionnaire (SMQ). Patients achieved poorer results than controls in all measures of memory. Correlation and multiple regression analysis indicates that list-learning is highly predictive regarding performance in MIR. MIR predominantly relied on verbal memory in patients and on visual/figural memory in controls. Subjective memory differentiated patients and controls but it correlated to MIR only in subjects with unimpaired memory. In conclusion, the data indicate a high ecological validity of list-learning paradigms and they seriously question the diagnostic value of self-reported memory. They also indicate that incidentally acquired knowledge might be differentially represented in patients with a memory disorder and healthy persons.