The impact of age on reproductive potential: lessons learned from oocyte donation

Abstract

Objective: Oocyte donation allows a unique opportunity to separately study the effect of aging on uterine receptivity and oocyte quality. The purpose of this report is to review the published experience on reproductive aging in both laboratory animals and humans as it pertains to oocyte and embryo donation.

Methods: A review of the published medical literature.

Results: Natural fertility rates decline in most animals with age, becoming dramatically apparent in women as they enter the fifth decade of life. By the time of the perimenopause, pregnancy rarely occurs, whether or not assisted reproductive techniques are initiated. However, if oocytes are donated by young women to older women, both embryo implantation and pregnancy rates are restored to normal levels in recipients.

Conclusions: These results strongly suggest the pregnancy wastage experienced by older women is largely a result of degenerative changes within the aging oocyte, rather than senescent changes in the uterus. The poor prognosis for fertility in older women can be reversed through oocyte donation from younger individuals.