Anti-enolase-alpha autoantibodies in cancer-associated retinopathy: epitope mapping and cytotoxicity on retinal cells

Abstract

Patients with cancer-associated retinopathy syndrome (CAR), a progressive blinding disease related to retinal degeneration and systemic tumor outside the eye, develop autoantibodies against alpha-enolase. A small percentage of healthy subjects without evident tumor or visual symptoms also possess autoantibody against enolase. In these studies we examined the fine specificity of anti-enolase antibodies derived from patients with CAR and healthy individuals, using synthetic peptides covering the entire sequence of human alpha-enolase. Epitope mapping revealed that three binding regions of enolase within the residues 31-38 (FRAAVPSG), 176-183 (ANFREAMR), and 421-428 (AKFAGRNF) were common for all autoantibodies tested. However, pathogenic sera recognized an additional unique region, the sequence 56-63 (RYMGKGVS). There were also differences in in vitro cytotoxic activities on E1A.NR3 retinal cells and cell-death promoting activities between anti-enolase antibodies of healthy and CAR affected individuals. These studies showed that anti-enolase antibodies from patients with CAR were able to induce apoptotic cell death in E1A.NR3 retinal cells and provided a potential mechanism for retinal degeneration in humans.