Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 1998 Oct;7(4):803-20, ix.

The achievement by proxy spectrum in youth sports. Historical perspective and clinical approach to pressured and high-achieving children and adolescents

Affiliations
  • PMID: 9894043
Review

The achievement by proxy spectrum in youth sports. Historical perspective and clinical approach to pressured and high-achieving children and adolescents

I R Tofler et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 1998 Oct.

Abstract

This article, with examples of the descriptively defined three stages of achievement by proxy distorted (ABPD) behavior, should increase awareness of this field by facilitating communication, enabling child psychiatrists and other professionals to identify the "red flags" that can lead to abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents, and further contributing toward psychoeducation of self-help skills in parents and other adults with the goal of understanding motivations for ABPD behaviors and risky rationalizations, in addition to creating prevention strategies.

PubMed Disclaimer

LinkOut - more resources