Pneumatic lithotripsy applied through deflected working channel of miniureteroscope: results in 143 patients

Abstract

Although extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is a successful treatment for ureteral calculi, introduction of miniureteroscopes has advanced endoscopic management. We combined the use of a semirigid ureteroscope with a pneumatic lithotripter (Swiss Lithoclast) for the treatment of ureteral calculi. From January 1992 to August 1994, 143 patients (87 male, 56 female; mean age 48.7 years; age range 22-74 years) with urolithiasis underwent endoscopic lithotripsy with the Swiss Lithoclast under general anesthesia. The 0.8 = mm probe was inserted through the deflected working channel (3.4F) of the Micro-6L ureteroscope (tip diameter 6.9F). The calculi were in the distal (N = 96; 67.1%), mid (N = 34; 23.8%), and proximal part (N = 13; 9.1%) of the ureter. The mean stone size was 6.8 mm (range 5-26 mm). Of the 137 patients whose stones we could access adequately, 70 (51.1%) were stone free immediately after the procedure, and another 31 (22.6%) had residual fragments <3 mm that passed spontaneously. The remaining 36 patients underwent another 50 procedures; 30 SWL sessions in 26 patients (19%), 17 further endoscopic lithotripsies in 14 (10.2%), and open surgery in 3. Application of the Swiss Lithoclast through semirigid miniureteroscopes is highly effective for endoscopic lithotripsy, regardless of stone composition. Deflection of the probe up to 30 degrees did not impair the disintegration rate. Because of the high migration rate of mid and proximal ureteral stones, the Swiss Lithoclast is not recommended in these cases as a primary procedure. Low capital cost and simple and safe handling are the device's major advantages over laser lithotripsy.