Elaboration of an alternative, segmental, cartilage-sparing tip graft technique: experience in 405 cases

Abstract

Despite the value of tip grafting in many rhinoplasty patients, adequate donor cartilage may be unavailable in secondary and even primary patients whose donor sites have been harvested previously or whose septal cartilage is calcified. Furthermore, by enlarging the lobule, tip grafts can create undesirable postoperative disproportions in some patients. These two observations have stimulated the elaboration of a tip graft method (which evolved from the Sheen technique) that uses small amounts of autogenous donor material to augment only those lobular segments that require increased contour or support, without necessarily increasing overall lobular volume. This article reports experience with; the technique in a 405-patient study group. Segmental tip grafting is performed endonasally through access incisions along the caudal edge of one alar cartilage. Grafts augment each third of the tip lobule and anterior columella (corresponding to each of the alar cartilage crura) depending on the aesthetic objective; multiple grafts are always placed. Selective augmentation limits the overall increase in lobular size. The method is not suitable for those patients needing substantial augmentation (58 of 463 tip-grafted patients in the 6-year study period), in which case the author still prefers the Sheen technique. The records of the 405-patient study group (40 percent primary rhinoplasty, 60 percent secondary rhinoplasty) indicate a total nasal revision rate of 14 percent; 6 percent were tip revisions. Tip revisions were more frequent in secondary patients but not in patients with thin skin. Reoperation percentages decreased during the study term, so that the tip revision rate was 12 percent in the first 12 months of study but only 4 percent in the last 12 months (p < 0.0008). The primary indication for tip grafting has evolved since the author's earlier practice experience: in the past 3 years of the study, 77 percent of primary patients and 80 percent of secondary patients underwent grafting principally to improve lobular contour, not tip projection (p < 0.0005). A segmental, cartilage-sparing tip graft technique can provide both projection and contour for primary and secondary rhinoplasty patients. Nevertheless, tip imperfections remain the most common reason for revision in the author's practice.