Self-efficacy and social support as mediators in the relation between disease severity and quality of life in patients with epilepsy

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the influence of two psychosocial variables mediating between disease severity and quality of life (QoL) in epilepsy; social support and mastery (measured by locus of control and self-efficacy). A model placing these two variables as mediators between disease severity and QoL was tested with structural equation modeling.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients with epilepsy (58% men, age 36+/-12 years) were given the following instruments: Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, Epileptic Self-Efficacy Scale, Locus of Control scale, and the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire, the WHOQOL.

Results: Structural equation modeling showed good fit between the research model and the data (Bentler-Bonett Normalized Index of fit, 0.96; LISREL GFI, 0.95). Ninety percent of the variance of the WHOQOL was explained by a combination of disease severity, self-efficacy in epilepsy, social support, and locus of control. Mastery was found to mediate the correlation between disease severity and QoL, and social support was found to act as a mediator between disease severity and mastery.

Conclusions: The study findings emphasize the possibility of improving QoL among patients with epilepsy by counseling and treatment aimed at reinforcing their self-efficacy and locus of control, as well as by improving their SoS.