Mechanism of ion transport through lipid bilayer-membranes mediated by peptide cyclo-(D-Val-L-Pro-L-Val-D-Pro)

Abstract

The cyclic dodecapeptide PV, cyclo-(D-Val-L-Pro-L-Val-D-Pro)3, a structural analogue of the ion-carrier valinomycin, increases the cation permeability of lipid bilayer membranes. This paper reports the results of two types of relaxation experiments, namely relaxation of the membrane current after a voltage jump and decay of the membrane voltage after a charge pulse in lipid bilayer membranes exposed to PV. From the relaxation data, the rate constant for the translocation of the ion carrier complex across the membrane, as well as the partition coefficient of the complex between water and membrane solution interface were computed and found to be about one order of magnitude less than the comparable values for valinomycin (Val). Furthermore, the dependence of the initial membrane conductivity on ion concentration was used to evaluate the equilibrium constant, K, of complexation between PV and some monovalent cations in water. The values of K yield the following selectivity sequence of PV: Na+ less than NH4+ less than K+ less than Cs+ less than Rb+. These and earlier results are consistent with the idea that PV promotes cation movement across membranes by the solution complexation mechanism which involves complexation between ion and carrier in the aqueous phase and transport of the carrier across the membrane. In the particular form of the solution complexation mechanism operating here, the PV present in the PV-cation complex carrying charge across the membrane derives from the side from which the current is flowing (cis-mechanism). As shown previously, valinomycin, in contrast to PV, acts by an interfacial complexation mechanism in which the Val in the Val-cation complex derives from the side toward which current is flowing (trans-mechanism). The comparison of the kinetic properties of these two closely related compounds yields interesting insights into the relationship between chemical structure and function of ion carriers.