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1845 2
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1848 3
1849 1
1850 2
1852 2
1853 1
1854 2
1856 1
1870 1
1871 2
1873 1
1877 2
1878 2
1882 3
1883 3
1884 3
1885 2
1888 2
1889 1
1890 3
1891 3
1892 5
1894 2
1896 4
1898 1
1900 2
1902 1
1903 2
1905 2
1907 1
1908 3
1909 3
1910 1
1911 4
1912 3
1913 5
1914 8
1915 8
1916 10
1917 9
1918 9
1919 10
1920 5
1921 9
1922 13
1923 9
1924 8
1925 4
1926 10
1927 7
1928 5
1929 2
1930 5
1931 6
1932 9
1933 12
1934 6
1935 8
1936 5
1937 4
1938 8
1939 6
1940 6
1941 9
1942 8
1943 6
1944 7
1945 28
1946 53
1947 72
1948 96
1949 75
1950 103
1951 90
1952 116
1953 144
1954 151
1955 151
1956 188
1957 215
1958 225
1959 235
1960 243
1961 261
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1967 533
1968 705
1969 738
1970 871
1971 1314
1972 2656
1973 4675
1974 5525
1975 8711
1976 9219
1977 9319
1978 9691
1979 10568
1980 11972
1981 12511
1982 13814
1983 15871
1984 16881
1985 18031
1986 18954
1987 19352
1988 20106
1989 23274
1990 24522
1991 24703
1992 26146
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1997 28182
1998 28111
1999 30015
2000 31683
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2002 35185
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2015 57185
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1,674,663 results

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Page 1
Dose translation between laboratory animals and human in preclinical and clinical phases of drug development.
Nair A, Morsy MA, Jacob S. Nair A, et al. Drug Dev Res. 2018 Dec;79(8):373-382. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21461. Epub 2018 Oct 21. Drug Dev Res. 2018. PMID: 30343496
Preclinical Research & Development Appropriate translation and determination of the maximum recommended starting dose in human is a vital task in new drug development and research. Allometric scaling is the most frequently used approach for dose extrapolation ba …
Preclinical Research & Development Appropriate translation and determination of the maximum recommended starting dose in human is …
Dose Rate Effects from the 1950s through to the Era of FLASH.
Held KD, McNamara AL, Daartz J, Bhagwat MS, Rothwell B, Schuemann J. Held KD, et al. Radiat Res. 2024 Aug 1;202(2):161-176. doi: 10.1667/RADE-24-00024.1. Radiat Res. 2024. PMID: 38954556 Free PMC article. Review.
The review starts with a short historic review of early studies on dose rate effects, considers mechanisms thought to underlie dose rate dependencies, then discusses some current issues in clinical findings with altered dose rates, the importance of dose …
The review starts with a short historic review of early studies on dose rate effects, considers mechanisms thought to underlie dos …
Oncology dose optimization paradigms: knowledge gained and extrapolated from approved oncology therapeutics.
Mittapalli RK, Guo C, Drescher SK, Yin D. Mittapalli RK, et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2022 Sep;90(3):207-216. doi: 10.1007/s00280-022-04444-0. Epub 2022 Aug 14. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2022. PMID: 35965268 Review.
The analysis showed that: (1) the initial label dose was lower than the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum studied dose (MSD) in Phase 1 for the majority of approved NMEs, and that the MTD approach is no longer the mainstay for dose selection; (2) …
The analysis showed that: (1) the initial label dose was lower than the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum studied dos …
Dose Adjustment of Biologic Treatments for Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis in the Real World: A Systematic Review.
Gambardella A, Licata G, Sohrt A. Gambardella A, et al. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021 Aug;11(4):1141-1156. doi: 10.1007/s13555-021-00559-z. Epub 2021 Jun 3. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021. PMID: 34081304 Free PMC article. Review.
More studies reported on dose escalation than dose reduction. For adalimumab, 3-54% of patients had dose reduction while 0-37% had dose escalation. ...Dose escalation may have economic and safety consequences, while dose reduction may imp …
More studies reported on dose escalation than dose reduction. For adalimumab, 3-54% of patients had dose reduction whil …
Dose Summation Strategies for External Beam Radiation Therapy and Brachytherapy in Gynecologic Malignancy: A Review from the NRG Oncology and NCTN Medical Physics Subcommittees.
Kim H, Lee YC, Benedict SH, Dyer B, Price M, Rong Y, Ravi A, Leung E, Beriwal S, Bernard ME, Mayadev J, Leif JRL, Xiao Y. Kim H, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 Nov 15;111(4):999-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.019. Epub 2021 Jun 17. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021. PMID: 34147581 Free PMC article. Review.
Among these dose summation strategies, linear addition of dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters without IR is the global standard for composite dose reporting. ...The purpose of this report is to review dose summation strategies for EBRT and BT, inclu …
Among these dose summation strategies, linear addition of dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters without IR is the global stan …
The impact of dose rate on the linear no threshold hypothesis.
Brooks AL. Brooks AL. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Mar 1;301:68-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.007. Epub 2019 Feb 11. Chem Biol Interact. 2019. PMID: 30763551 Free article. Review.
The goal of this manuscript is to define the role of dose rate and dose protraction on the induction of biological changes at all levels of biological organization. ...The importance of dose rate has been recognized almost from the time that radiation was dis …
The goal of this manuscript is to define the role of dose rate and dose protraction on the induction of biological changes at …
A comparative study of adaptive trial designs for dose optimization.
Zhang J, Chen X, Li B, Yan F. Zhang J, et al. Pharm Stat. 2023 Sep-Oct;22(5):797-814. doi: 10.1002/pst.2306. Epub 2023 May 8. Pharm Stat. 2023. PMID: 37156731 Review.
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration Oncology Center of Excellence initiated Project Optimus to reform the dose optimization and dose selection paradigm in oncology drug development. The agency pointed out that the current paradigm for dose selection …
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration Oncology Center of Excellence initiated Project Optimus to reform the dose optimization …
Dose in x-ray computed tomography.
Kalender WA. Kalender WA. Phys Med Biol. 2014 Feb 7;59(3):R129-50. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/3/R129. Epub 2014 Jan 17. Phys Med Biol. 2014. PMID: 24434792 Review.
Controversial issues such as the appropriateness of the CT dose index (CTDI) are discussed in detail. A review of approaches to patient dose assessment presently in practice, of the dose levels encountered and options for further dose optimization are …
Controversial issues such as the appropriateness of the CT dose index (CTDI) are discussed in detail. A review of approaches to patie …
Dose indices: everybody wants a number.
Strauss KJ. Strauss KJ. Pediatr Radiol. 2014 Oct;44 Suppl 3:450-9. doi: 10.1007/s00247-014-3104-z. Epub 2014 Oct 11. Pediatr Radiol. 2014. PMID: 25304704 Review.
This paper discusses the merits and weaknesses of the standard terms that have been developed to quantify CT dose: CT dose indices (CTDI), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose. The difference between the measured CTDIvol and the CTDIvol display …
This paper discusses the merits and weaknesses of the standard terms that have been developed to quantify CT dose: CT dose ind …
Dose-response characterization: A key to success in drug development.
Bretz F, Bornkamp B, Dumortier T. Bretz F, et al. Clin Trials. 2025 Aug;22(4):384-392. doi: 10.1177/17407745251350289. Epub 2025 Jul 8. Clin Trials. 2025. PMID: 40626332 Review.
In trial design, selecting an appropriate dose range, determining the number of dose levels, and ensuring proper dose spacing are essential to capture both the steep and plateau regions of a dose-response curve. ...In trial analysis, modeling approache …
In trial design, selecting an appropriate dose range, determining the number of dose levels, and ensuring proper dose s …
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