Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Sep 17;14(9):e0222389.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222389. eCollection 2019.

Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics

Jie Yin  1 , Xiang-Min Zheng  1 , Ruey-Chyn Tsaur  2
Affiliations

Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics

Jie Yin et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The safety of highly aggregated tourist crowds is a challenging and important issue. This paper not only provided a comprehensive analysis of the accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds but also determined the occurrence mechanism and coping paths. Based on the analysis of multiple cases, we found that the variable status of highly aggregated tourist crowds was the result of the interaction of three main elements: multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses. A series of factors interact and result in accidents, and the lack of a management response or a low-quality management response is the root cause of such accidents. A high-quality management response is a basic safety precaution for highly aggregated tourist crowds. Therefore, forming a virtuous circle of multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses is an effective path for coping with accidents.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The interaction among the elements of the HATCs in a safe state.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The operating mechanism of highly aggregated tourist crowds in a safe state.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The interaction among the elements of HATCs in accidents.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The occurrence mechanism of HATC accidents.
Fig 5
Fig 5. The coping paths of HATC accidents.
Fig 6
Fig 6. The response mechanism of HATC accidents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Zhan B, Monekosso DN, Remagnino P, Velastin SA, Xu L-Q (2008) Crowd analysis: a survey. Machine Vision and Applications 19: 345–357.
    1. Johansson A, Batty M, Hayashi K, Al Bar O, Marcozzi D, Memish Z. (2012) Crowd and environmental management during mass gatherings. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 12: 150–156. 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70287-0 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alnabulsi H, Drury J (2014) Social identification moderates the effect of crowd density on safety at the Hajj. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: 9091–9096. 10.1073/pnas.1404953111 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Reicher SD (1996) The Battle of Westminster’:Developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict. European Journal of Social Psychology 26: 115–134.
    1. Novelli D, Drury J, Reicher S, Stott C (2013) Crowdedness mediates the effect of social identification on positive emotion in a crowd: A survey of two crowd events. PloS one 8: e78983 10.1371/journal.pone.0078983 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types