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Review
. 2025 Mar 17;15(3):422.
doi: 10.3390/biom15030422.

Application and Mechanism of Adipose Tissue-Derived Microvascular Fragments in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Yu Gao  1 , Cheng Liang  1 , Bingqian Yang  1 , Li Liao  1 , Xiaoxia Su  1
Affiliations
Review

Application and Mechanism of Adipose Tissue-Derived Microvascular Fragments in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Yu Gao et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

One of the long-standing challenges in the field of tissue repair and regeneration is the rapid establishment of local microvascular circulation and restoration of perfusion at the site of defects or injuries. Recently, adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) have attracted increasing attention from researchers. Adipose tissue is rich in blood vessels, and significant progress has been made in the extraction and preservation techniques for microvascular fragments within it. Ad-MVFs promote tissue and organ repair and regeneration through three main mechanisms. First, they accelerate rapid and efficient vascularization at the injury site, enabling early vessel perfusion. Second, the stem cell components within ad-MVFs provide a rich source of cells for tissue and organ regeneration. Third, they play a role in immune regulation, facilitating integration with host tissues after implantation. The application methods of ad-MVFs are diverse. They can be directly implanted or pre-cultivated, facilitating their combination with various scaffolds and broadening their application scope. These properties have led to the wide use of ad-MVFs in tissue engineering, with promising prospects. This review demonstrates that ad-MVFs can serve as a reliable and highly feasible unit for tissue regeneration.

Keywords: adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments; tissue engineering; tissue regeneration; vascularization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ad-MVF components promote tissue repair and regeneration by promoting vascular regeneration, accelerating vessel perfusion, and providing abundant cell sources for rapid integration with target tissues.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The main molecular mechanisms of promoting tissue vascularization after implantation of ad-MVFs: (1) implant paracrine action, (2) indirect activation of host cells, (3) activation of local immune cells, and (4) hypoxia-inducing factor signaling pathway.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Appearance of extracted ad-MVFs under the light microscope.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The process of angiogenesis and the strategies of ad-MVF application with direct transplantation and pre-cultivation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Ad-MVFs have been successfully applied to promote the repair and regeneration of various tissues.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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