Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2005 Dec;43(12):6171-5.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.12.6171-6175.2005.

Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003

K Mizuta  1 , C Abiko, T Murata, Y Matsuzaki, T Itagaki, K Sanjoh, M Sakamoto, S Hongo, S Murayama, K Hayasaka
Affiliations

Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003

K Mizuta et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Dec.

Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis of 45 enterovirus 71 (EV71) isolates for 6 years in Yamagata, Japan, clarified that the annual outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was due to four genetically distinct subgenogroups, including a novel "B5." Our results suggest that the importation of EV71 from surrounding countries has had a major epidemiological impact on the local community used in our study.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Monthly distribution and subgenogroups of enterovirus 71 strains isolated in Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003. The subgenogroups, C2, B4, C4, and B5, were grouped according to the phylogenetic analysis shown in Fig. 2. ND, not done.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Phylogenetic tree for the complete (891-nucleotide) VP1 region of representative EV71 strains isolated in Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003 and reference strains. Details of the EV71 strains, which belong to subgenogroups A, B1 to B5, and C1 to C4, are provided in Table 1. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of nucleotide differences. Numbers above the branches are the bootstrap probabilities (%). The marker denotes a measurement of relative phylogenetic distance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Brown, B. A., M. S. Oberste, J. P. Alexander, Jr., M. L. Kennett, and M. A. Pallansch. 1999. Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998. J. Virol. 73:9969-9975. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cardosa, M. J., D. Perera, B. A. Brown, D. Cheon, H. M. Chan, K. P. Chan, H. Cho, and P. McMinn. 2003. Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 strains and recent outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region: comparative analysis of the VP1 and VP4 genes. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9:461-468. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fujimoto, T., M. Chikahira, S. Yoshida, H. Ebira, A. Hasegawa, A. Totsuka, and O. Nishio. 2002. Outbreak of central nervous system disease associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Japan during the summer of 2000: detection and molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71. Microbiol. Immunol. 46:621-627. - PubMed
    1. Hellen, C. U. T., and E. Wimmer. 1995. Enterovirus structure and assembly, p. 155-174. In H. A. Rotbart (ed.), Human enterovirus infections. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    1. Herrero, L. J., C. S. M. Lee, R. J. Hurrelbrink, B. H. Chua, K. B. Chua, and P. C. McMinn. 2003. Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in peninsular Malaysia, 1997-2000. Arch. Virol. 148:1369-1385. - PubMed

Substances

Associated data

LinkOut - more resources