Leishmaniasis in Syria - A call for action of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Groups for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM) and for Clinical Parasitology (ESGCP)

Aula Abbara¹, Marta González-Sanz², Ayla AlKharrat³, Mohamad Khalife⁴, Yasir Elferruh⁵, Naser Almhawish⁶, Salam Abbara⁷, Sana Marroush⁸, Clare Shortall⁹, Shamsa Hussein Ahmed¹⁰, Abdulaziz Alhazmi¹¹, Miriam J Alvarez-Martinez¹², Muhammad Asaduzzaman¹³, Asma Al Balushi¹⁴, Ana Paula Barboza¹⁵, Hanne Brekke¹⁶, Paola Di Carlo¹⁷, Antonio Cascio¹⁸, Peter Chiodini¹⁹, Agnese Colpani²⁰, Marta Díaz-Menéndez²¹, Natalie Elkheir²², Ferenc Balázs Farkas²³, Puja Garg²⁴, Beate Grüner²⁵, André R Guimarães²⁶, Ville Holmberg²⁷, Petros Ioannou²⁸, Sofia Jordão²⁹, Jung-Ah Kim³⁰, Botond Lakatos³¹, Hakan Leblebicioglu³², Jara Llenas-García³³, Irene Losada-Galván³⁴, Gabriela Equihua Martinez³⁵, Edward J M Monk³⁶, Elena Nedu³⁷, Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe³⁸, Rhea O'Regan³⁹, Riccardo Paggi⁴⁰, Jose Henrique Pinho⁴¹, Emanuele Pontali⁴², Megha Priyadarshi⁴³, Barbara Rath⁴⁴, Balram Rathish⁴⁵, Leonardo Francesco Rezzonico⁴⁶, Nesrine Rizk⁴⁷, Caroline Ronnberg⁴⁸, Miguel Morante-Ruiz⁴⁹, Annabella Salvati⁵⁰, Salvatore Scarso⁵¹, Marco Antonio Sempere-Alcocer⁵², Chiara Sepulcri⁵³, Diana Isabela Costescu Strachinaru⁵⁴, Francesca Tamarozzi⁵⁵, Raquel Tavares⁵⁶, Tamara Ursini⁵⁷, Jaco J Verweij⁵⁸, Christian Morberg Wejse⁵⁹, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales⁶⁰; ESGITM and ESGCP

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Syria Public Health Network, United Kingdom; MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.abbara15@ic.ac.uk.
² National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marta.gonzs@salud.madrid.org.
³ Program Manager, The MENTOR Initiative, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ayla.alkharrat@mentor-initiative.org.
⁴ MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Mohamad.khalife@london.msf.org.
⁵ Early Warning and Alert Response Network, Assistance Coordination Unit, Syria. Electronic address: yasir.f@acu-sy.org.
⁶ Syria Public Health Network, United Kingdom. Electronic address: naser.mhawish81@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Infectious Diseases, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, APHP, University of Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Garches, France. Electronic address: salam.abbara@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Malarhospital, Municipality of Sormland, Sweden. Electronic address: Sana.Marroush@regionsormland.se.
⁹ MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: clare.shortall@london.msf.org.
¹⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit and Travel Medicine Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, M.P. Shah Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: drshamsaahmed@gmail.com.
¹¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: hazmi_6@hotmail.com.
¹² Microbiology Dpt., Hospital Clinic-ISGlobal- University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, Spain; ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: malvarez@clinic.cat.
¹³ Department of Community Medicine & Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Regional Representative of ACGH in Europe, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH), Arlington, VA, 22202, United States of America. Electronic address: muhammad.asaduzzaman@medisin.uio.no.
¹⁴ Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman. Electronic address: thebrightsoul2@gmail.com.
¹⁵ Departamento de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: anapaulabarboza16@gmail.com.
¹⁶ ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: habrek2@ous-hf.no.
¹⁷ Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: paola.dicarlo@unipa.it.
¹⁸ Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: antonio.cascio03@unipa.it.
¹⁹ University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom; ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: p.chiodini@nhs.net.
²⁰ Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro, Italy. Electronic address: colpaniagnese@gmail.com.
²¹ National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases and International Health, High Level Isolation Unit, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, IdIPAz, CIBERINFEC Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marta.diazmenendez@gmail.com.
²² Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Natalie.ElKheir@lshtm.ac.uk.
²³ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Pediatric Center, Semmeiwels University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmlweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: balazsqb@gmail.com.
²⁴ Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: pujagarg273@gmail.com.
²⁵ ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Dpt Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: Beate.Gruener@uniklinik-ulm.de.
²⁶ Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: andrerodriguesguimaraes@gmail.com.
²⁷ Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: Ville.Holmberg@hus.fi.
²⁸ School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: p.ioannou@uoc.gr.
²⁹ Infectious Diseases Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Portugal. Electronic address: sofjordao@gmail.com.
³⁰ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: 124526@schmc.ac.kr.
³¹ Semmelweis University, Department of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, School of Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: botondt.lakatos@gmail.com.
³² Department of Infectious Diseases, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: hakanomu@yahoo.com.
³³ Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain; Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; CIBERINFEC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jarallenas@gmail.com.
³⁴ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: irene.losada@isglobal.org.
³⁵ Institute of International Health, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: gabriela.equihua-martinez@charite.de.
³⁶ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, the Republic of the Gambia. Electronic address: edward.monk@lshtm.ac.uk.
³⁷ "Dr. Victor Babeș" Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: elena.nedu@ymail.com.
³⁸ Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Global Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. Electronic address: justin.nwofe@gmail.com.
³⁹ Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: rheaoregan@gmail.com.
⁴⁰ Florence's Local Health Unit, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: paggi.riccardo@gmail.com.
⁴¹ Coimbra's Local Health Unit, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: hjose.pinho@gmail.com.
⁴² Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: emanuele.pontali@galliera.it.
⁴³ Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: mpvision96@gmail.com.
⁴⁴ Vaccine Safety Initiative, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, France. Electronic address: barbara.rath@gmail.com.
⁴⁵ Department of Infection & Immunity, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: balramrnair@gmail.com.
⁴⁶ Infectious Diseases Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: leonardo.rezzonico@gmail.com.
⁴⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, and Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴⁸ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology, Unit for Parasitology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: lc.ronnberg@gmail.com.
⁴⁹ Imported Pathology and Tropical Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain. Electronic address: miguel.cuentaexterna@gmail.com.
⁵⁰ Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. Electronic address: salvatiannabella@gmail.com.
⁵¹ Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: salvatore.scarso@iss.it.
⁵² Microbiology Department, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain; Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marcosempere@gmail.com.
⁵³ Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) - Infectious Diseases, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16136 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: chiara.sepulcri@gmail.com.
⁵⁴ Center for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: isabelastrachinaru@gmail.com.
⁵⁵ Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.tamarozzi@sacrocuore.it.
⁵⁶ Serviço de Infeciologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal. Electronic address: raquelmrtavares@gmail.com.
⁵⁷ Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: tamara.ursini@gmail.com.
⁵⁸ ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.verweij@etz.nl.
⁵⁹ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Global Health, Aarhus University (GloHAU), Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: wejse@clin.au.dk.
⁶⁰ Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Risaralda, Pereira, 660003, Colombia. Electronic address: arodriguezmo@cientifica.edu.pe.

PMID: 40185351
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102849

Free article

Editorial

Leishmaniasis in Syria - A call for action of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Groups for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM) and for Clinical Parasitology (ESGCP)

Aula Abbara et al. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2025 Jul-Aug.

Free article

. 2025 Jul-Aug:66:102849.

doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102849. Epub 2025 Apr 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Syria Public Health Network, United Kingdom; MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.abbara15@ic.ac.uk.
² National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marta.gonzs@salud.madrid.org.
³ Program Manager, The MENTOR Initiative, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ayla.alkharrat@mentor-initiative.org.
⁴ MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Mohamad.khalife@london.msf.org.
⁵ Early Warning and Alert Response Network, Assistance Coordination Unit, Syria. Electronic address: yasir.f@acu-sy.org.
⁶ Syria Public Health Network, United Kingdom. Electronic address: naser.mhawish81@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Infectious Diseases, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, APHP, University of Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Garches, France. Electronic address: salam.abbara@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Malarhospital, Municipality of Sormland, Sweden. Electronic address: Sana.Marroush@regionsormland.se.
⁹ MSF OCA, Manson Unit, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: clare.shortall@london.msf.org.
¹⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit and Travel Medicine Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, M.P. Shah Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: drshamsaahmed@gmail.com.
¹¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: hazmi_6@hotmail.com.
¹² Microbiology Dpt., Hospital Clinic-ISGlobal- University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, Spain; ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: malvarez@clinic.cat.
¹³ Department of Community Medicine & Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Regional Representative of ACGH in Europe, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH), Arlington, VA, 22202, United States of America. Electronic address: muhammad.asaduzzaman@medisin.uio.no.
¹⁴ Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman. Electronic address: thebrightsoul2@gmail.com.
¹⁵ Departamento de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: anapaulabarboza16@gmail.com.
¹⁶ ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: habrek2@ous-hf.no.
¹⁷ Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: paola.dicarlo@unipa.it.
¹⁸ Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: antonio.cascio03@unipa.it.
¹⁹ University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom; ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: p.chiodini@nhs.net.
²⁰ Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro, Italy. Electronic address: colpaniagnese@gmail.com.
²¹ National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases and International Health, High Level Isolation Unit, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, IdIPAz, CIBERINFEC Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marta.diazmenendez@gmail.com.
²² Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Natalie.ElKheir@lshtm.ac.uk.
²³ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Pediatric Center, Semmeiwels University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmlweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: balazsqb@gmail.com.
²⁴ Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: pujagarg273@gmail.com.
²⁵ ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Dpt Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: Beate.Gruener@uniklinik-ulm.de.
²⁶ Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: andrerodriguesguimaraes@gmail.com.
²⁷ Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: Ville.Holmberg@hus.fi.
²⁸ School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: p.ioannou@uoc.gr.
²⁹ Infectious Diseases Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Portugal. Electronic address: sofjordao@gmail.com.
³⁰ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: 124526@schmc.ac.kr.
³¹ Semmelweis University, Department of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, School of Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: botondt.lakatos@gmail.com.
³² Department of Infectious Diseases, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: hakanomu@yahoo.com.
³³ Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain; Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; CIBERINFEC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jarallenas@gmail.com.
³⁴ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: irene.losada@isglobal.org.
³⁵ Institute of International Health, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: gabriela.equihua-martinez@charite.de.
³⁶ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, the Republic of the Gambia. Electronic address: edward.monk@lshtm.ac.uk.
³⁷ "Dr. Victor Babeș" Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: elena.nedu@ymail.com.
³⁸ Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Global Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. Electronic address: justin.nwofe@gmail.com.
³⁹ Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: rheaoregan@gmail.com.
⁴⁰ Florence's Local Health Unit, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: paggi.riccardo@gmail.com.
⁴¹ Coimbra's Local Health Unit, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: hjose.pinho@gmail.com.
⁴² Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: emanuele.pontali@galliera.it.
⁴³ Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: mpvision96@gmail.com.
⁴⁴ Vaccine Safety Initiative, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, France. Electronic address: barbara.rath@gmail.com.
⁴⁵ Department of Infection & Immunity, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: balramrnair@gmail.com.
⁴⁶ Infectious Diseases Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: leonardo.rezzonico@gmail.com.
⁴⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, and Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴⁸ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology, Unit for Parasitology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: lc.ronnberg@gmail.com.
⁴⁹ Imported Pathology and Tropical Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain. Electronic address: miguel.cuentaexterna@gmail.com.
⁵⁰ Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. Electronic address: salvatiannabella@gmail.com.
⁵¹ Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: salvatore.scarso@iss.it.
⁵² Microbiology Department, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain; Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marcosempere@gmail.com.
⁵³ Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) - Infectious Diseases, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16136 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: chiara.sepulcri@gmail.com.
⁵⁴ Center for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: isabelastrachinaru@gmail.com.
⁵⁵ Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.tamarozzi@sacrocuore.it.
⁵⁶ Serviço de Infeciologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal. Electronic address: raquelmrtavares@gmail.com.
⁵⁷ Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: tamara.ursini@gmail.com.
⁵⁸ ESCMID ESGCP Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.verweij@etz.nl.
⁵⁹ ESCMID ESGITM Executive Committee, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Global Health, Aarhus University (GloHAU), Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: wejse@clin.au.dk.
⁶⁰ Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Risaralda, Pereira, 660003, Colombia. Electronic address: arodriguezmo@cientifica.edu.pe.

PMID: 40185351
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102849

No abstract available

Keywords: Conflict; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Eastern Mediterranean region; Humanitarian crisis; One health; Syria; Visceral leishmaniasis; War; Water and sanitation.

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Declaration of competing interest None.

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Leishmaniasis in Syria - A call for action of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Groups for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM) and for Clinical Parasitology (ESGCP)

Affiliations

Leishmaniasis in Syria - A call for action of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Groups for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM) and for Clinical Parasitology (ESGCP)

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

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LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Miscellaneous