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. 2010 Jan;16(1):41-7.
doi: 10.3201/eid1601.090726.

Recombinant canine coronaviruses in dogs, Europe

Nicola Decaro  1 , Viviana Mari, Gabriella Elia, Diane D Addie, Michele Camero, Maria Stella Lucente, Vito Martella, Canio Buonavoglia
Affiliations

Recombinant canine coronaviruses in dogs, Europe

Nicola Decaro et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Jan.

Abstract

Coronaviruses of potential recombinant origin with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), referred to as a new subtype (IIb) of canine coronavirus (CCoV), were recently identified in dogs in Europe. To assess the distribution of the TGEV-like CCoV subtype, during 2001-2008 we tested fecal samples from dogs with gastroenteritis. Of 1,172 samples, 493 (42.06%) were positive for CCoV. CCoV-II was found in 218 samples, and CCoV-I and CCoV-II genotypes were found in 182. Approximately 20% of the samples with CCoV-II had the TGEV-like subtype; detection rates varied according to geographic origin. The highest and lowest rates of prevalence for CCoV-II infection were found in samples from Hungary and Greece (96.87% and 3.45%, respectively). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the CCoV-IIb strains were related to prototype TGEV-like strains in the 5' and the 3' ends of the spike protein gene.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Phylogenetic analysis of canine coronavirus (CCoV) type IIb. Maximum parsimony trees based on partial 5´ (A) and 3´ (B) ends of the spike protein gene of group-1a coronaviruses (CoVs). For phylogenetic tree construction, the following reference strains were used (GenBank accession numbers are in parentheses): porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) Purdue (NC_002306), TS (DQ201447), 96-1933 (AF104420), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV, only 3´ end) RM-4 (Z24675), 86-137004 (X60089), CCoV-IIa CB/05 (DQ112226), Insavc-1 (D13096), BGF10 (AY342160), CCoV-IIb 341/05 (EU856361), 174/06 (EU856362), 430/07 (EU924790), 118/08 (EU924791), UCD-1 (AF116248, only 5´ end), CCoV-I Elmo/02 (AY307020), 23/03 (AY307021), feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I Black (EU186072), KU-1 (D32044), UCD-1 (AB088222), FCoV-II 79-1146 (NC_007025), 79-1183 (X80799). The tree is rooted on the group-2 CoV canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) 240/05 (EU999954). Statistical support was provided by bootstrapping >1,000 replicates. Scale bars indicate estimated numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site.
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