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. 2010 Dec;16(12):1956-9.
doi: 10.3201/eid1612.100424.

Wild chimpanzees infected with 5 Plasmodium species

Marco Kaiser  1 , Anna Löwa, Markus Ulrich, Heinz Ellerbrok, Adeelia S Goffe, Anja Blasse, Zinta Zommers, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Fred Babweteera, Klaus Zuberbühler, Sonja Metzger, Sebastian Geidel, Christophe Boesch, Thomas R Gillespie, Fabian H Leendertz
Affiliations

Wild chimpanzees infected with 5 Plasmodium species

Marco Kaiser et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Dec.

Abstract

Data are missing on the diversity of Plasmodium spp. infecting apes that live in their natural habitat, with limited possibility of human-mosquito-ape exchange. We surveyed Plasmodium spp. diversity in wild chimpanzees living in an undisturbed tropical rainforest habitat and found 5 species: P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. reichenowi, and P. gaboni.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Maximum-likelihood trees of Plasmodium spp. obtained from the analysis of a 1,087-bp CytB alignment. Blue indicates sequences determined from chimpanzee hosts; green, bonobos; gray, gorillas; and red, humans. Black indicates sequences obtained from nonprimate hosts. Plasmodium spp. sequences derived from chimpanzees in this study are marked with an asterisk. Bootstrap values are shown when >70. The tree was rooted using avian plasmodium sequences. Accession numbers of all sequences used are shown in the Table. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Maximum likelihood tree of Plasmodium spp. obtained from the analysis of a 621 bp–long 18S alignment. Blue indicates sequences determined from chimpanzee hosts; green, bonobos; gray, gorillas; and red, humans. Black indicates sequences obtained from nonprimate hosts. Plasmodium spp. sequences derived from chimpanzees in this study are marked with an asterisk. Bootstrap values are shown when >70. The tree was rooted using avian plasmodium sequences. Accession numbers of all sequences used are shown in the Table. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
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