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. 2013 Jun 25:9:127.
doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-127.

First report on circulation of Echinococcus ortleppi in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedaries), Sudan

Mohamed E Ahmed  1 , Kamal H Eltom, Nasreen O Musa, Ibtisam A Ali, Fatima M Elamin, Martin P Grobusch, Imadeldin E Aradaib
Affiliations

First report on circulation of Echinococcus ortleppi in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedaries), Sudan

Mohamed E Ahmed et al. BMC Vet Res. .

Abstract

Background: Echinococcus granulosus (EG) complex, the cause of cystic echinococcosis (CE), infects humans and several other animal species worldwide and hence the disease is of public health importance. Ten genetic variants, or genotypes designated as (G1-G10), are distributed worldwide based on genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to provide some sequence data and phylogeny of EG isolates recovered from the Sudanese one-humped camel (Camelus dromedaries). Fifty samples of hydatid cysts were collected from the one- humped camels (Camelus dromedaries) at Taboul slaughter house, central Sudan. DNAs were extracted from protoscolices and/or associated germinal layers of hydatid cysts using a commercial kit. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH1) gene and the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were used as targets for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The PCR products were purified and partial sequences were generated. Sequences were further examined by sequence analysis and subsequent phylogeny to compare these sequences to those from known strains of EG circulating globally.

Results: The identity of the PCR products were confirmed as NADH1 and cox1 nucleotide sequences using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD). The phylogenetic analysis showed that 98% (n = 49) of the isolates clustered with Echinococcus canadensis genotype 6 (G6), whereas only one isolate (2%) clustered with Echinococcus ortleppi (G5).

Conclusions: This investigation expands on the existing sequence data generated from EG isolates recovered from camel in the Sudan. The circulation of the cattle genotype (G5) in the one-humped camel is reported here for the first time.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic relationship of Echinococcus granulosus-complex genotypes recovered from Sudanese camels and other genotypes identified globally. Partial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene sequences generated from EG isolates were aligned with sequences of other EG isolates from different parts of the world. Sequences were analyzed with the BioEdit software (Ibis Biosciences, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) implemented in MEGA software version 5 [36]. Bootstrap values were calculated from analysis of 1000 replicates of the data set, and values greater than 50% are indicated at the appropriate nodes. Each EG isolate is designated by the country of origin, GenBank accession number and the genotype of the isolate when available. The GenBank accession numbers (JN637176, JN637177) were given for the Sudan isolates of genotype 5 (E. ortleppi) and genotype 6 (E. canadensis), respectively. Corresponding nucleotide sequence of NADH 1 of Taenia multiceps, GenBank accession number HM143887.1, is used as an out group in the constructed phylogenetic tree. The strains from Sudan are highlighted in red color for clarity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic relationship of Echinococcus granulosus-complex genotypes recovered from Sudanese camels and other genotypes identified globally. Partial Cox 1 gene sequences generated from EG isolates, used in this study, were aligned with sequences of other EG isolates from different parts of the world. Sequences were analyzed with BioEdit software (Ibis Biosciences, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) implemented in MEGA software version 5 [36]. Bootstrap values were calculated from analysis of 1000 replicates of the data set, and values greater than 50% are indicated at the appropriate nodes. Each EG isolate is designated by the country of origin, GenBank accession number and the genotype of the isolate when available. The GenBank accession numbers (KC417036, JX912709) were given for E. ortleppi (G5) and E. canadensis (G6), respectively. Corresponding nucleotide sequence of cox 1 of Taenia multiceps, GenBank accession number JX535576.1, is used as an out group in the constructed phylogenetic trees. The strains from Sudan are bolded and those described in this study are highlighted in red color for clarity.
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