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. 2015 Jun 1;46(2):397-406.
doi: 10.1590/S1517-838246220140112. eCollection 2015 Jun.

Biodegradation of kerosene: Study of growth optimization and metabolic fate of P. janthinellum SDX7

Shamiyan R Khan  1 , J I Kumar Nirmal  1 , Rita N Kumar  2 , Jignasha G Patel  1
Affiliations

Biodegradation of kerosene: Study of growth optimization and metabolic fate of P. janthinellum SDX7

Shamiyan R Khan et al. Braz J Microbiol. .

Abstract

Penicillum janthinellum SDX7 was isolated from aged petroleum hydrocarbon-affected soil at the site of Anand, Gujarat, India, and was tested for different pH, temperature, agitation and concentrations for optimal growth of the isolate that was capable of degrading upto 95%, 63% and 58% of 1%, 3% and 5% kerosene, respectively, after a period of 16 days, at optimal growth conditions of pH 6.0, 30 °C and 180 rpm agitation. The GC/MS chromatograms revealed that then-alkane fractions are easily degraded; however, the rate might be lower for branched alkanes, n-alkylaromatics, cyclic alkanes and polynuclear aromatics. The test doses caused a concentration-dependent depletion of carbohydrates of P. janthinellum SDX7 by 3% to 80%, proteins by 4% to 81% and amino acids by 8% to 95% upto 16 days of treatment. The optimal concentration of 3% kerosene resulted in the least reduction of the metabolites of P. janthinellum such as carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids with optimal growth compared to 5% and 1% (v/v) kerosene doses on the 12(th) and 16(th) day of exposure. Phenols were found to be mounted by 43% to 66% at lower and higher concentrations during the experimental period. Fungal isolate P. janthinellum SDX7 was also tested for growth on various xenobiotic compounds.

Keywords: Penicillum janthinellum SDX7; kerosene degradation; metabolites; optimal growth.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Optimal biomass production of P. janthinellum SDX7 after 7 days of incubation.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Degradation of different concentrations of kerosene after 4th and 16th days by P. janthinellum SDX7.
Figure 3
Figure 3. GC/MS chromatograms of 1% (v/v) kerosene in MSM medium. (a) Abiotic control, (b) After 4 days of incubation with P. janthinellum SDX7 strain, and (c) After 16 days incubation with P. janthinellum SDX7 strain. The sharp and highest peaks stand for the n-alkanes, and the peaks between them comprise the naphthenes and aromatics.
Figure 4
Figure 4. GC/MS chromatograms of 3% (v/v) kerosene in MSM medium. (a) Abiotic control, (b) After 4 days of incubation with P. janthinellum SDX7 strain, and (c) After 16 days incubation with P. janthinellum SDX7 strain.
Figure 5
Figure 5. GC/MS chromatograms of 5% (v/v) kerosene in MSM medium. (a) Abiotic control, (b) After 4 days of incubation with P. janthinellum SDX7 strain, and (c) After 16 days of incubation with P. janthinellum SDX7 strain.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Metabolic content in P. janthinellum SDX7 treated with kerosene at different daily intervals.
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