Subtelomeric deletion of chromosome 10p15.3: clinical findings and molecular cytogenetic characterization

Abstract

We describe 19 unrelated individuals with submicroscopic deletions involving 10p15.3 characterized by chromosomal microarray (CMA). Interestingly, to our knowledge, only two individuals with isolated, submicroscopic 10p15.3 deletion have been reported to date; however, only limited clinical information is available for these probands and the deleted region has not been molecularly mapped. Comprehensive clinical history was obtained for 12 of the 19 individuals described in this study. Common features among these 12 individuals include: cognitive/behavioral/developmental differences (11/11), speech delay/language disorder (10/10), motor delay (10/10), craniofacial dysmorphism (9/12), hypotonia (7/11), brain anomalies (4/6) and seizures (3/7). Parental studies were performed for nine of the 19 individuals; the 10p15.3 deletion was de novo in seven of the probands, not maternally inherited in one proband and inherited from an apparently affected mother in one proband. Molecular mapping of the 19 individuals reported in this study has identified two genes, ZMYND11 (OMIM 608668) and DIP2C (OMIM 611380; UCSC Genome Browser), mapping within 10p15.3 which are most commonly deleted. Although no single gene has been identified which is deleted in all 19 individuals studied, the deleted region in all but one individual includes ZMYND11 and the deleted region in all but one other individual includes DIP2C. There is not a clearly identifiable phenotypic difference between these two individuals and the size of the deleted region does not generally predict clinical features. Little is currently known about these genes complicating a direct genotype/phenotype correlation at this time. These data however, suggest that ZMYND11 and/or DIP2C haploinsufficiency contributes to the clinical features associated with 10p15 deletions in probands described in this study.

Figure. 1. Individuals with 10p15.3 Microdeletion

A: Proband 1, B: Proband 2, C: Proband 4 with his mother, D: Proband 4, E: Proband 9 at age 1 year, 11 months, F: Proband 13, G: Proband 16 at age 7 years, H: Proband 17 at age 2 years, 10 months, I: Proband 17 at age 6 years, 1 month and J: Proband 18. Age at time of photo is noted, when known.

Figure. 2. Deletions in individuals with 10p15.3 microdeletion

Minimal deletion boundaries (thick bar); maximal deletion boundaries (thin bar); terminal deletions (black bars); interstitial deletions (pink bars: probands 1, 4, 9, 10, 12, 14); “Group A”: probands with a smaller deleted region; “Group B”: probands with a larger deleted region; OMIM and RefSeq Genes are represented below probands.