doi: 10.1038/s41558-025-02372-4.
Epub 2025 Jul 1.
Extreme weather event attribution predicts climate policy support across the world
Viktoria Cologna
1
2
3
, Simona Meiler
1
4
, Chahan M Kropf
1
4
, Samuel Lüthi
5
, Niels G Mede
6
, David N Bresch
1
4
, Oscar Lecuona
7
, Sebastian Berger
8
, John Besley
9
, Cameron Brick
10
11
, Marina Joubert
12
, Edward W Maibach
13
, Sabina Mihelj
14
, Naomi Oreskes
3
, Mike S Schäfer
6
, Sander van der Linden
15
; TISP Consortium
Collaborators,
Affiliations
Collaborators
-
TISP Consortium:
Viktoria Cologna 1 2 3 , Niels G Mede 6 , Oscar Lecuona 7 , Sebastian Berger 8 , John Besley 9 , Cameron Brick 10 11 , Marina Joubert 12 , Edward W Maibach 13 , Sabina Mihelj 14 , Naomi Oreskes 3 , Mike S Schäfer 6 , Sander van der Linden 15 , Nor Izzatina Abdul Aziz 16 , Suleiman Abdulsalam 17 , Nurulaini Abu Shamsi 18 , Balazs Aczel 19 , Indro Adinugroho 20 , Eleonora Alabrese 21 , Alaa Aldoh 22 , Mark Alfano 23 , Innocent Mbulli Ali 24 , Mohammed Alsobay 25 , R Michael Alvarez 26 , Tabitha Amollo 27 , Patrick Ansah 28 , Denisa Apriliawati 29 , Flavio Azevedo 30 31 , Ani Bajrami 32 , Ronita Bardhan 33 , Keagile Bati 34 , Eri Bertsou 35 , Rahul Bhui 25 , Olga Białobrzeska 36 , Michal Bilewicz 37 , Ayoub Bouguettaya 38 , Katherine Breeden 39 , Amélie Bret 40 , Ondrej Buchel 41 , Pablo Cabrera Alvarez 42 , Federica Cagnoli 43 , André Calero Valdez 44 , Timothy Callaghan 45 , Rizza Kaye Cases 46 , Sami Çoksan 47 48 , Gabriela Czarnek 49 , Ramit Debnath 26 50 , Sylvain Delouvée 51 , Lucia Di Stefano 43 , Celia Diaz-Catalàn 42 52 , Kimberly C Doell 53 , Simone Dohle 54 , Karen M Douglas 55 , Charlotte Dries 56 , Dmitrii Dubrov 57 , Malgorzata Dzimińska 58 , Ullrich K H Ecker 59 , Christian T Elbaek 60 , Mahmoud Elsherif 61 , Benjamin Enke 62 , Matthew Facciani 63 , Antoinette Fage-Butler 64 , Zaki Faisal 65 , Xiaoli Fan 66 , Christina Farhart 67 , Christoph Feldhaus 68 , Marinus Ferreira 69 , Stefan Feuerriegel 70 , Helen Fischer 71 , Jana Freundt 72 , Malte Friese 73 , Albina Gallyamova 57 , Patricia Garrido-Vásquez 74 , Mauricio E Garrido Vásquez 74 , Olivier Genschow 75 , Omid Ghasemi 76 77 , Theofilos Gkinopoulos 49 , Jamie L Gloor 78 , Ellen Goddard 66 , Claudia González Brambila 79 , Hazel Gordon 20 , Dmitry Grigoryev 57 , Lars Guenther 80 , Håvard Haarstad 81 82 , Dana Harari 83 , Przemysław Hensel 84 , Alma Cristal Hernández-Mondragón 85 , Atar Herziger 83 , Guanxiong Huang 86 , Markus Huff 87 88 , Mairéad Hurley 89 , Nygmet Ibadildin 90 , Mohammad Tarikul Islam 91 , Tao Jin 92 , Charlotte A Jones 93 , Sebastian Jungkunz 94 95 , Dominika Jurgiel 96 , Sarah Kavassalis 97 , John R Kerr 98 , Mariana Kitsa 99 , Tereza Klabíková Rábová 100 , Olivier Klein 101 , Hoyoun Koh 102 , Aki Koivula 103 104 , Lilian Kojan 44 , Elizaveta Komyaginskaya 57 , Laura M König 105 106 , Lina Koppel 107 , Kochav Koren 108 , Alexandra Kosachenko 109 , John Kotcher 13 , Laura S Kranz 110 , Pradeep Krishnan 35 , Silje Kristiansen 82 111 , André Krouwel 112 , Toon Kuppens 113 , Claus Lamm 53 , Anthony Lantian 114 , Aleksandra Lazić 115 , Jean-Baptiste Légal 114 , Zoe Leviston 116 , Neil Levy 69 117 , Amanda M Lindkvist 107 , Grégoire Lits 118 , Andreas Löschel 68 , Alberto López Ortega 112 , Carlos Lopez-Villavicencio 119 , Nigel Mantou Lou 120 , Chloe H Lucas 93 , Kristin Lunz-Trujillo 121 122 , Mathew D Marques 123 , Sabrina J Mayer 94 , Ryan McKay 124 , Taciano L Milfont 125 , Joanne M Miller 126 , Panagiotis Mitkidis 60 , Fredy Monge-Rodríguez 119 , Matt Motta 45 , Zarja Muršič 127 , Jennifer Namutebi 128 , Eryn J Newman 116 , Jonas P Nitschke 53 , Ntui-Njock Vincent Ntui 129 , Daniel Nwogwugwu 130 , Thomas Ostermann 131 , Tobias Otterbring 132 , Myrto Pantazi 101 , Philip Pärnamets 133 , Paolo Parra Saiani 43 , Mariola Paruzel-Czachura 134 135 , Michal Parzuchowski 36 , Yuri G Pavlov 136 , Adam R Pearson 137 , Charlotte R Pennington 138 , Katerina Petkanopoulou 139 , Marija B Petrović 115 , Dinara Pisareva 102 , Adam Ploszaj 140 , Ekaterina Pronizius 53 , Karolína Pštross 100 , Katarzyna Pypno-Blajda 134 , Diwa Malaya A Quiñones 141 , Pekka Räsänen 103 , Adrian Rauchfleisch 142 , Felix G Rebitschek 56 143 , Gabriel Rêgo 31 144 , James P Reynolds 138 , Joseph Roche 89 , Jan Philipp Röer 131 , Robert M Ross 69 , Isabelle Ruin 145 , Osvaldo Santos 146 , Ricardo R Santos 146 147 , Stefan Schulreich 148 149 , Emily Shuckburgh 50 , Johan Six 1 , Nevin Solak 150 , Leonhard Späth 1 , Bram Spruyt 151 , Samantha K Stanley 76 77 , Noel Strahm 8 , Stylianos Syropoulos 152 , Barnabas Szaszi 19 , Ewa Szumowska 49 , Mikihito Tanaka 153 , Claudia Teran-Escobar 114 145 , Boryana Todorova 53 , Abdoul Kafid Toko 17 , Renata Tokrri 154 , Daniel Toribio-Florez 55 , Manos Tsakiris 124 155 , Michael Tyrala 156 , Özden Melis Uluğ 157 , Ijeoma Chinwe Uzoma 158 , Jochem van Noord 113 151 , Iris Vilares 92 , Madalina Vlasceanu 159 , Andreas von Bubnoff 160 , Izabela Warwas 58 , Tim Weninger 63 , Mareike Westfal 75 , Adrian Dominik Wojcik 161 , Ziqian Xia 162 , Jinliang Xie 163 , Ewa Zegler-Poleska 140 , Amber Zenklusen 35
Affiliations
- 1 Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 2 Collegium Helveticum, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 3 Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 4 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich-Airport, Switzerland.
- 5 Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 6 Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 7 Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 8 Institute of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- 9 Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
- 10 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 11 Department of Psychology, University of Inland Norway, Lillehammer, Elverum Norway.
- 12 Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- 13 Centre for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA.
- 14 Centre for Research in Communication and Culture, Department of Communication and Media, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
- 15 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 16 Institute of Malaysian and International Studies, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
- 17 School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- 18 Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 19 ELTE Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.
- 20 School of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- 21 Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- 22 School of Psychology, University of Sussex/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 23 Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- 24 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- 25 Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 26 Linde Center for Science, Society, and Policy, Division of Humanities and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA.
- 27 Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya.
- 28 Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA.
- 29 Department of Psychology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- 30 Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- 31 National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 32 Museum of Natural Sciences 'Sabiha Kasimati', University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
- 33 Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 34 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
- 35 Institute of Political Science, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- 36 Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
- 37 Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- 38 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA.
- 39 Computer Science Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA USA.
- 40 Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL UR 4638, Nantes Université, Univ. Angers, Nantes, France.
- 41 Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- 42 Department of Scientific and Innovation Culture, Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology, Madrid, Spain.
- 43 Department of International and Political Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- 44 Institute of Multimedia and Interactive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- 45 Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
- 46 Institute for Sociology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Staré Mesto, Slovakia.
- 47 Department of Psychology, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
- 48 Network for Economic and Social Trends, Western University, London, Ontario Canada.
- 49 Behavior in Crisis Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
- 50 Cambridge Zero, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 51 LP3C (Psychology Laboratory), Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France.
- 52 TRANSOC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 53 Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 54 Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- 55 School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- 56 Harding Center for Risk Literacy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- 57 Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.
- 58 Department of Labor and Social Policy, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- 59 School of Psychological Science and Public Policy Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia.
- 60 Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- 61 School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- 62 Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 63 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.
- 64 School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- 65 a2i Programme of ICT Division and UNDP Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 66 Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada.
- 67 Department of Political Science and International Relations, Carleton College, Northfield, MN USA.
- 68 Faculty of Management and Economics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- 69 Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
- 70 LMU Munich School of Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- 71 Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.
- 72 School of Social Work, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- 73 Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- 74 Department of Psychology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- 75 Institute for Management and Organization, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, Germany.
- 76 School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
- 77 Institute for Climate Risk and Response, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
- 78 Research Institute for Responsible Innovation, School of Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- 79 Department of Business Administration, Instituto Técnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 80 Department of Media and Communication, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- 81 Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 82 Centre for Climate and Energy Transformation, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 83 Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- 84 Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- 85 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politícnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 86 Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- 87 Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.
- 88 Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 89 School of Education, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- 90 Department of Political Science and International Relations, KIMEP University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- 91 Department of Government and Politics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 92 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
- 93 School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
- 94 Institute of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
- 95 Institute of Political Science and Sociology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- 96 Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
- 97 Hixon Center for Climate and the Environment, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA USA.
- 98 Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
- 99 Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine.
- 100 Institute of Communication Studies and Journalism, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 101 Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- 102 Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- 103 Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- 104 INVEST Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- 105 Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany.
- 106 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 107 Division of Economics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- 108 Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology, University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań, Poland.
- 109 Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
- 110 School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
- 111 Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 112 Department of Communication Science and Political Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 113 Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- 114 Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.
- 115 Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 116 School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia.
- 117 Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- 118 Institut Langage et Communication, University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.
- 119 Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, La Molina, Peru.
- 120 Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada.
- 121 Harvard Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 122 Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA.
- 123 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
- 124 Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.
- 125 School of Psychological and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand.
- 126 Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA.
- 127 Office for Quality Assurance, Analyses and Reporting, Project EUTOPIA, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 128 Department of Management and Supply Chain Studies, Nkumba University, Entebbe, Uganda.
- 129 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- 130 Communication Arts Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.
- 131 Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
- 132 Department of Management, University of Adger, Kristiansand, Norway.
- 133 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 134 Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
- 135 Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
- 136 Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 137 Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA USA.
- 138 School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
- 139 Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
- 140 Science Studies Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- 141 Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
- 142 Graduate Institute of Journalism, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 143 Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
- 144 Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 145 Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Grenoble, France.
- 146 Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- 147 NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- 148 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 149 Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- 150 Psychology Department, TED University, Ankara, Turkey.
- 151 Sociology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- 152 School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA.
- 153 Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
- 154 Department of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tirana, Milto Tutulani, Tirana, Albania.
- 155 Centre for the Politics of Feelings, University of London, London, UK.
- 156 Division of Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- 157 School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.
- 158 Molecular Haematology and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.
- 159 Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford, CA USA.
- 160 Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University, Kleve, Germany.
- 161 Faculty of Philosophy and Social Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
- 162 School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- 163 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- PMID: 40641510
- PMCID: PMC12237696
- DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02372-4
Item in Clipboard
Extreme weather event attribution predicts climate policy support across the world
Viktoria Cologna et al.
Nat Clim Chang.
2025.
Display options
Format
doi: 10.1038/s41558-025-02372-4.
Epub 2025 Jul 1.
Authors
Viktoria Cologna
1
2
3
, Simona Meiler
1
4
, Chahan M Kropf
1
4
, Samuel Lüthi
5
, Niels G Mede
6
, David N Bresch
1
4
, Oscar Lecuona
7
, Sebastian Berger
8
, John Besley
9
, Cameron Brick
10
11
, Marina Joubert
12
, Edward W Maibach
13
, Sabina Mihelj
14
, Naomi Oreskes
3
, Mike S Schäfer
6
, Sander van der Linden
15
; TISP Consortium
Collaborators
-
TISP Consortium:
Viktoria Cologna 1 2 3 , Niels G Mede 6 , Oscar Lecuona 7 , Sebastian Berger 8 , John Besley 9 , Cameron Brick 10 11 , Marina Joubert 12 , Edward W Maibach 13 , Sabina Mihelj 14 , Naomi Oreskes 3 , Mike S Schäfer 6 , Sander van der Linden 15 , Nor Izzatina Abdul Aziz 16 , Suleiman Abdulsalam 17 , Nurulaini Abu Shamsi 18 , Balazs Aczel 19 , Indro Adinugroho 20 , Eleonora Alabrese 21 , Alaa Aldoh 22 , Mark Alfano 23 , Innocent Mbulli Ali 24 , Mohammed Alsobay 25 , R Michael Alvarez 26 , Tabitha Amollo 27 , Patrick Ansah 28 , Denisa Apriliawati 29 , Flavio Azevedo 30 31 , Ani Bajrami 32 , Ronita Bardhan 33 , Keagile Bati 34 , Eri Bertsou 35 , Rahul Bhui 25 , Olga Białobrzeska 36 , Michal Bilewicz 37 , Ayoub Bouguettaya 38 , Katherine Breeden 39 , Amélie Bret 40 , Ondrej Buchel 41 , Pablo Cabrera Alvarez 42 , Federica Cagnoli 43 , André Calero Valdez 44 , Timothy Callaghan 45 , Rizza Kaye Cases 46 , Sami Çoksan 47 48 , Gabriela Czarnek 49 , Ramit Debnath 26 50 , Sylvain Delouvée 51 , Lucia Di Stefano 43 , Celia Diaz-Catalàn 42 52 , Kimberly C Doell 53 , Simone Dohle 54 , Karen M Douglas 55 , Charlotte Dries 56 , Dmitrii Dubrov 57 , Malgorzata Dzimińska 58 , Ullrich K H Ecker 59 , Christian T Elbaek 60 , Mahmoud Elsherif 61 , Benjamin Enke 62 , Matthew Facciani 63 , Antoinette Fage-Butler 64 , Zaki Faisal 65 , Xiaoli Fan 66 , Christina Farhart 67 , Christoph Feldhaus 68 , Marinus Ferreira 69 , Stefan Feuerriegel 70 , Helen Fischer 71 , Jana Freundt 72 , Malte Friese 73 , Albina Gallyamova 57 , Patricia Garrido-Vásquez 74 , Mauricio E Garrido Vásquez 74 , Olivier Genschow 75 , Omid Ghasemi 76 77 , Theofilos Gkinopoulos 49 , Jamie L Gloor 78 , Ellen Goddard 66 , Claudia González Brambila 79 , Hazel Gordon 20 , Dmitry Grigoryev 57 , Lars Guenther 80 , Håvard Haarstad 81 82 , Dana Harari 83 , Przemysław Hensel 84 , Alma Cristal Hernández-Mondragón 85 , Atar Herziger 83 , Guanxiong Huang 86 , Markus Huff 87 88 , Mairéad Hurley 89 , Nygmet Ibadildin 90 , Mohammad Tarikul Islam 91 , Tao Jin 92 , Charlotte A Jones 93 , Sebastian Jungkunz 94 95 , Dominika Jurgiel 96 , Sarah Kavassalis 97 , John R Kerr 98 , Mariana Kitsa 99 , Tereza Klabíková Rábová 100 , Olivier Klein 101 , Hoyoun Koh 102 , Aki Koivula 103 104 , Lilian Kojan 44 , Elizaveta Komyaginskaya 57 , Laura M König 105 106 , Lina Koppel 107 , Kochav Koren 108 , Alexandra Kosachenko 109 , John Kotcher 13 , Laura S Kranz 110 , Pradeep Krishnan 35 , Silje Kristiansen 82 111 , André Krouwel 112 , Toon Kuppens 113 , Claus Lamm 53 , Anthony Lantian 114 , Aleksandra Lazić 115 , Jean-Baptiste Légal 114 , Zoe Leviston 116 , Neil Levy 69 117 , Amanda M Lindkvist 107 , Grégoire Lits 118 , Andreas Löschel 68 , Alberto López Ortega 112 , Carlos Lopez-Villavicencio 119 , Nigel Mantou Lou 120 , Chloe H Lucas 93 , Kristin Lunz-Trujillo 121 122 , Mathew D Marques 123 , Sabrina J Mayer 94 , Ryan McKay 124 , Taciano L Milfont 125 , Joanne M Miller 126 , Panagiotis Mitkidis 60 , Fredy Monge-Rodríguez 119 , Matt Motta 45 , Zarja Muršič 127 , Jennifer Namutebi 128 , Eryn J Newman 116 , Jonas P Nitschke 53 , Ntui-Njock Vincent Ntui 129 , Daniel Nwogwugwu 130 , Thomas Ostermann 131 , Tobias Otterbring 132 , Myrto Pantazi 101 , Philip Pärnamets 133 , Paolo Parra Saiani 43 , Mariola Paruzel-Czachura 134 135 , Michal Parzuchowski 36 , Yuri G Pavlov 136 , Adam R Pearson 137 , Charlotte R Pennington 138 , Katerina Petkanopoulou 139 , Marija B Petrović 115 , Dinara Pisareva 102 , Adam Ploszaj 140 , Ekaterina Pronizius 53 , Karolína Pštross 100 , Katarzyna Pypno-Blajda 134 , Diwa Malaya A Quiñones 141 , Pekka Räsänen 103 , Adrian Rauchfleisch 142 , Felix G Rebitschek 56 143 , Gabriel Rêgo 31 144 , James P Reynolds 138 , Joseph Roche 89 , Jan Philipp Röer 131 , Robert M Ross 69 , Isabelle Ruin 145 , Osvaldo Santos 146 , Ricardo R Santos 146 147 , Stefan Schulreich 148 149 , Emily Shuckburgh 50 , Johan Six 1 , Nevin Solak 150 , Leonhard Späth 1 , Bram Spruyt 151 , Samantha K Stanley 76 77 , Noel Strahm 8 , Stylianos Syropoulos 152 , Barnabas Szaszi 19 , Ewa Szumowska 49 , Mikihito Tanaka 153 , Claudia Teran-Escobar 114 145 , Boryana Todorova 53 , Abdoul Kafid Toko 17 , Renata Tokrri 154 , Daniel Toribio-Florez 55 , Manos Tsakiris 124 155 , Michael Tyrala 156 , Özden Melis Uluğ 157 , Ijeoma Chinwe Uzoma 158 , Jochem van Noord 113 151 , Iris Vilares 92 , Madalina Vlasceanu 159 , Andreas von Bubnoff 160 , Izabela Warwas 58 , Tim Weninger 63 , Mareike Westfal 75 , Adrian Dominik Wojcik 161 , Ziqian Xia 162 , Jinliang Xie 163 , Ewa Zegler-Poleska 140 , Amber Zenklusen 35
Affiliations
- 1 Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 2 Collegium Helveticum, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 3 Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 4 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich-Airport, Switzerland.
- 5 Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 6 Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 7 Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 8 Institute of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- 9 Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
- 10 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 11 Department of Psychology, University of Inland Norway, Lillehammer, Elverum Norway.
- 12 Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- 13 Centre for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA.
- 14 Centre for Research in Communication and Culture, Department of Communication and Media, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
- 15 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 16 Institute of Malaysian and International Studies, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
- 17 School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- 18 Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 19 ELTE Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.
- 20 School of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- 21 Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- 22 School of Psychology, University of Sussex/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 23 Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- 24 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- 25 Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 26 Linde Center for Science, Society, and Policy, Division of Humanities and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA.
- 27 Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya.
- 28 Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA.
- 29 Department of Psychology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- 30 Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- 31 National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 32 Museum of Natural Sciences 'Sabiha Kasimati', University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
- 33 Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 34 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
- 35 Institute of Political Science, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- 36 Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
- 37 Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- 38 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA.
- 39 Computer Science Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA USA.
- 40 Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL UR 4638, Nantes Université, Univ. Angers, Nantes, France.
- 41 Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- 42 Department of Scientific and Innovation Culture, Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology, Madrid, Spain.
- 43 Department of International and Political Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- 44 Institute of Multimedia and Interactive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- 45 Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
- 46 Institute for Sociology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Staré Mesto, Slovakia.
- 47 Department of Psychology, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
- 48 Network for Economic and Social Trends, Western University, London, Ontario Canada.
- 49 Behavior in Crisis Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
- 50 Cambridge Zero, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 51 LP3C (Psychology Laboratory), Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France.
- 52 TRANSOC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 53 Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 54 Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- 55 School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- 56 Harding Center for Risk Literacy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- 57 Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.
- 58 Department of Labor and Social Policy, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- 59 School of Psychological Science and Public Policy Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia.
- 60 Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- 61 School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- 62 Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 63 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.
- 64 School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- 65 a2i Programme of ICT Division and UNDP Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 66 Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada.
- 67 Department of Political Science and International Relations, Carleton College, Northfield, MN USA.
- 68 Faculty of Management and Economics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- 69 Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
- 70 LMU Munich School of Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- 71 Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.
- 72 School of Social Work, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- 73 Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- 74 Department of Psychology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- 75 Institute for Management and Organization, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, Germany.
- 76 School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
- 77 Institute for Climate Risk and Response, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
- 78 Research Institute for Responsible Innovation, School of Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- 79 Department of Business Administration, Instituto Técnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 80 Department of Media and Communication, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- 81 Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 82 Centre for Climate and Energy Transformation, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 83 Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- 84 Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- 85 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politícnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 86 Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- 87 Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.
- 88 Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 89 School of Education, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- 90 Department of Political Science and International Relations, KIMEP University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- 91 Department of Government and Politics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 92 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
- 93 School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
- 94 Institute of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
- 95 Institute of Political Science and Sociology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- 96 Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
- 97 Hixon Center for Climate and the Environment, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA USA.
- 98 Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
- 99 Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine.
- 100 Institute of Communication Studies and Journalism, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 101 Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- 102 Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- 103 Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- 104 INVEST Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- 105 Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany.
- 106 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 107 Division of Economics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- 108 Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology, University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań, Poland.
- 109 Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
- 110 School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
- 111 Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 112 Department of Communication Science and Political Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 113 Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- 114 Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.
- 115 Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 116 School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia.
- 117 Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- 118 Institut Langage et Communication, University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.
- 119 Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, La Molina, Peru.
- 120 Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada.
- 121 Harvard Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
- 122 Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA.
- 123 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
- 124 Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.
- 125 School of Psychological and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand.
- 126 Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA.
- 127 Office for Quality Assurance, Analyses and Reporting, Project EUTOPIA, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 128 Department of Management and Supply Chain Studies, Nkumba University, Entebbe, Uganda.
- 129 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- 130 Communication Arts Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.
- 131 Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
- 132 Department of Management, University of Adger, Kristiansand, Norway.
- 133 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 134 Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
- 135 Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
- 136 Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 137 Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA USA.
- 138 School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
- 139 Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
- 140 Science Studies Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- 141 Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
- 142 Graduate Institute of Journalism, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 143 Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
- 144 Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 145 Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Grenoble, France.
- 146 Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- 147 NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- 148 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- 149 Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- 150 Psychology Department, TED University, Ankara, Turkey.
- 151 Sociology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- 152 School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA.
- 153 Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
- 154 Department of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tirana, Milto Tutulani, Tirana, Albania.
- 155 Centre for the Politics of Feelings, University of London, London, UK.
- 156 Division of Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- 157 School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.
- 158 Molecular Haematology and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.
- 159 Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford, CA USA.
- 160 Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University, Kleve, Germany.
- 161 Faculty of Philosophy and Social Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
- 162 School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- 163 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- PMID: 40641510
- PMCID: PMC12237696
- DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02372-4
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Abstract
Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. Yet, little is known about the relationship between exposure to extreme events, subjective attribution of these events to climate change, and climate policy support, especially in the Global South. Combining large-scale natural and social science data from 68 countries (N = 71,922), we develop a measure of exposed population to extreme weather events and investigate whether exposure to extreme weather and subjective attribution of extreme weather to climate change predict climate policy support. We find that most people support climate policies and link extreme weather events to climate change. Subjective attribution of extreme weather was positively associated with policy support for five widely discussed climate policies. However, exposure to most types of extreme weather event did not predict policy support. Overall, these results suggest that subjective attribution could facilitate climate policy support.
Keywords: Attribution; Climate-change impacts; Climate-change policy; Psychology.
© The Author(s) 2025.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.
Figures
Fig. 1. Global evidence of the support…
Fig. 1. Global evidence of the support for climate policies.
a , Weighted response probabilities…
a, Weighted response probabilities for single items measuring support for climate policies. b, Mean support for climate policies in 66 countries (climate policy support was not measured in Argentina and Malaysia). Participants were asked: “Please indicate your level of support for the following policies.” Response option ‘not applicable’ is not shown. No data were available for countries shaded in light grey.
Fig. 2. Subjective attribution of extreme weather…
Fig. 2. Subjective attribution of extreme weather events to climate change (mean index) over the…
Data from 67 countries. Subjective attribution was not assessed in Albania. No data were available for countries shaded in light grey.
Fig. 3. Exposed population across countries over…
Fig. 3. Exposed population across countries over the past few decades.
Exposed population refers to…
Exposed population refers to the average annual proportion of a country’s total population exposed to a specific weather-related hazard and averaged over the past few decades. The exact time frame varies slightly across events. Exposed population is modelled for the 68 countries included in the survey. a, Exposed population to droughts. b, Exposed population to European winter storms. c, Exposed population to heatwaves. d, Exposed population to heavy precipitation. e, Exposed population to river floods. f, Exposed population to tropical cyclones. g, Exposed population to wildfires. No data were available for countries shaded in light grey.
Fig. 4. Weighted blockwise multilevel models predicting…
Fig. 4. Weighted blockwise multilevel models predicting climate policy support.
Summary of seven multilevel models,…
Summary of seven multilevel models, one for each type of extreme weather event, with random intercepts across countries predicting climate policy support and controlling for socio-demographic variables and two additional interaction terms. Models include data from 65 countries. Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals. Circles denote standardized estimates. Filled circles denote significant effects at P < 0.05. Exact P values for non-significant effects of exposed population: droughts: P = 0.275; European winter storms: P = 0.466; heatwaves: P = 0.369; river floods: P = 0.278; tropical cyclones: P = 0.409. Full models for each event type can be found in Supplementary Tables 1–7.
Fig. 5. Interactions between subjective attribution and…
Fig. 5. Interactions between subjective attribution and exposed population to extreme weather events on climate…
The lines represent varying levels of subjective attribution at −1s.d, the mean and +1 s.d., with shaded regions indicating 95% confidence intervals. The x axis shows the standardized exposed population size.
References
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- Seneviratne, S. I. et al. in Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) 1513–1766 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2023). 10.1017/9781009157896.013
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